ენა და ეტიკეტი

განსხვავებული ადამიანები 

mocemuli broSuris ZiriTadi amocanaa  saTanado yuradReba mieqces SezRudulobis mqone pierbTan urTierTobaSi koreqtuli leqsikuri erTeulebis SerCevas da yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi maT danergvas.

saqme mxolod imaSi ki araa, rom koreqtuli mimarTvebi xels uwyobs SezRudulobis mqone pierTa pozitiuri imijis Camoyalibebas, aramed imaSic, rom zogierTi yvelasaTvis misaRebi sityva, fraza Tu cnebeba, imTaviTve  Seuracmyofeli iarliyi da stereotipia am adamianebTan mimarTebaSi. amitom Cveni salaparako leqsikis daxvewa dadebiT gavlenas iqoniebs im adamianebTan urTierTobaze, romlebic Tavs sazogadoebisgan gandgomilad Tvlian. miuxedavad imisa, rom adamianTa umravlesoba Tavs sakmaod koreqtulad da kargad aRzrdil adamianad Tvlis, namdvilad waadgebaT qvemoT CamoTvlili rekomendaciebi, romelebsac karga xania warmatebiT iyenebs civilizebuli samyaro.

es ar aris mkacrad gansazRvruli wesebi (ar unda vifiqroT, rom adamianebi SezRudulobis gamo raime gansakuTrebul mopyrobas iTxoven Cvengan), es mxolod rekomendaciaTa CamonaTvalia, romelic, vimedovnebT, dagvexmareba saTanado kontaqtebis damyarebasa da im uxerxulobis daZlevaSi, romlebic yovelTvis Cndeba maSin, rodesac Cven vxvdebiT raime axalsa da uCveulos. es rekomendaciebi sasargebloa da saWiroa  yvelasaTvis, pirvel rigSi ki im pirTaTvis, romelTac TavianTi sqmiadobidan gamomdinare, drodadro uxdebaT SezRudulobis mqone pirebTan urTierToba. maT Soris moiazrebian: Jurnalistebi, momsaxurebis sferos muSakebi, sastumroebis, aeroportebis, sadgurebis, restornebis TanamSromlebi, mZRolebi da a.S.

Cveni didi survilia, rom am broSuram xeli Seuwyos Cvens qveyanaSi iseTi sazogadoebis formirebas, sadac yvelas Tanabari SesaZleblobebi da pirobebi eqneba. sadac, sxvaTagan raRaciT gansxvavebuli adamianebi ar waawydebian diskriminacias, risi saSiSroebac imTaviTve Zevs stereotipebSi.

mocemuli broSura Cveni wvlilia politikurad koreqtuli terminologiis danergvaSi. igi Sedgenilia amerikul da britanul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT. kerZod, es rekomendaciebi SemuSavebul iqna «gansxvavebulTa SromiTi mowyobis» problemebTan dakavSirebiT gamarTul forumze did britaneTSi (Disability Etiquette, Employers’ Forum on Disability, 1996) da derbiSiris integrirebuli cxovrebis centris mier (DCIL), amerikuli organizaciebis saxelmwifo moxeleTaTvis rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

iseve rogorc sxva umciresobani, romelTa uflebebi irRveva umravlesobis mier, SezRudulobis mqone adamianebi Zalze mgrZnobiareni arian sityvebis mimarT, romlebic kidev ufro amZimeben maT mdgomareobas. im qveynebSi, sadac SezRudulobis mqone pirTa moZraoba aqtiur fazaSia, mdgomareobis Sesacvlelad, propaganda eweva iseT gansazRvrebebisa da cnebebis damkvidrebas, romlebic ar iwveven Secodebis gamomxatvel an sxva negatiur asociaciebs.

postsabWoTa qveynebSi es procesi exla ikrebs Zalas.

CvenTan jer kidev ar danergila politikurad koreqtuli terminilogia, romelic gulisxmobs nebismieri adamianisadmi pativiscemiT mimarTvas.

saqarTveloSi 2000 wels «siqsa»-m parlaments gansaxilvelad SesTavaza termini «invalidi»- nacvlad, politikurad koreqtuli varianti termini «gansxvavebuli». saqarTvelos parlamentma ganixila ori varianti _ «gansxvavebuli» da «SezRuduli», da daamtkica _ «SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone adamiani».

presaSi jer kidev xSirad gvxvdeba sityvebi «xeibari», «avadmyofi» «invalidi». 

qarTulSi sityva «xeibari» moiazreba omSi tramvirebul adamianad, sityva «avadmyofi» - sulierad daavadebulad, xolo inglisuri sityva «invalidi» - uvargiss, ufasurs niSnavs.

 Cven, am sityvebis iZulebiT moxmobac ki uxerxulobas gviqmnis. Tumca, am da sxva msgavsi sityvebis rusuli da inglisuri variantebi jer kidev xmarebaSi, radgan zogs maTi gamoyeneba marTebulad miaCniaT.

Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, modiT erTad vcadoT am broSuraSi sityvebis «invalidi» an «SezRuduli» - magivrad gamoviyenoT sityva «gansxvavebuli». am sityvis mxarrdamWer istorias gTavazobT saxelmZRvanelos bolos.

* * *

gansxvavebul adamianTa uflebebis damcvelTa saerTaSoriso moZraoba, marTebulad Tvlis cneba invalidis Semdeg ganmartebas :

«gansxvavebuloba niSnavs arsebuli pirobebis gamo fizikuri, gonebrivi, sensoruli da fsiqikuri gadaxrebis mqone adamianTa qmedebebis SezRudvas sazogadoebis mier, rac mas  riyavs aqtiuri cxovrebidan».

amrigad, gansxvavebuloba – socialuri uTanasworobis erT-erTi formaa.

es aris socialuri da ara samedicino cneba, xolo  socialuri modelis konteqtSi logikuri da upriania gamoviyenebul iqnas Sesabamisi terminologia.

ratom ar SeiZleba ase laparaki ?

r e k o m e n d a c i e b i

rodesac gansxvavebul adamianebze saubrobT an werT:

gamoiyeneT sityvebi da cnebebi, romlebic ar qmnis stereotipebs	Tavi aarideT sityvebs da cnebebs, romlebic qmnis stereotipebs
gansxvavebuli adamiani adamiani, romelsac gansxvavebulobuli unari aqvs; adamianebi, romlebsac gansxvavebuloba axasiaTebs; adamiani SezRuduli SesaZleblobebiT; adamiani SezRuduli funqciebiT.	avadmyofi, xeibari, dasaxiCrebuli, nakliani, deformirebuli, arasrulyofili, defeqturi, beci da a.S.
Adamiania gansxvavebulobis gareSe – Cveulebrivi, tipiuri adamiani	normaluri, janmrTeli (SezRudulobis mqone adamianTan Sedarebisas)
adamiani, fizikuri SezRudulobiT, romelic etls iyenebs	invalidis etls mijaWvuli
Tandayolili gansxvavebuloba, bavSvobidan gansxvavebuli.	Tandayolili defeqti, ubedureba da a.S.
aqvs bcd ( bavSvTa cerebraluri dambla an sxva)	itanjeba bcd-Ti
gadaitana poliomeliti; gansxvavebuloba aqvs poliomelitis Sedegad; adamiani, romelmac gadaitana avadmyofoba; gaxda gansxvavebuli ... Sedegad	itanjeba poliomelitiT, poliomelitis SedegebiT; poliomelitis msxverpli
gonebadaqveiTebuli adamiani (mxolod zrdasrul adamianebze)	CamorCenili, gonebrivad arasrulyofili
bavSvi, Seferxebuli ganviTarebiT; bavSvi, romelic nela iTvisebs, adamiani, Seferxebuli ganviTarebiT	“muxruWebiani”, Wkuasusti, debili, dauni da a.S.
adamiani daunis sindromiT bavSvi (bavSvebi) daunis sindromiT	«dauni», «mongoloidi», da a.S.
adamiani epilefsiiT; adamianebi,  romelTac aqvT epilefsiis Setevebi	epileptiki, bnediani
sulierad avadmyofi adamianebi, adamianebi fsiqiatriuli probelembiT, adamianebi sulieri an emociuri moSlilobiT	giJi, fsixi da a.S.
brma, usinaTlo, mxedvelobadaqveiTebuli, cudi mxedvelobis mqone adamiani, smenadaqveiTebuli adamiani yru, susti smenis mqone adamiani adamiani (bavSvi) smenis narCenebiT.	TxunelasaviT brma,sruliad brma, yru-munji, da a.S.
adamiani, romelsac gaaCnia sirTule verbalur urTierTobaSi, adamiani romelsac metyvelebaSi dabrkoleba,  sirTule aqvs	Munji blu, da a.S.

svetSi “ erideT” mocemuli zogierTi sityva aseT kiTxvas ar badebs. cxadia, roca adamians “defeqturs” vuwodebT, amiT mas Seuracmyofas vayenebT. Tumca zogierT sityveas SeveCvieT kidec. ratom vTvliT, rom isini Seuracmyofelia da ratom ar aris rekomendirebuli maTi gamoyeneba adamianebTan urTierTobaSi?

imisaTvis, rom zemoT Tqmuli ufro gasagebi gavxadoT, warmogidgenT Cveni gamokvlevis Sedegebs. seminarze, sadac monawileobas iRebdnen Jurnalistebi da  adamianebi, romelTac sxvadasxva saxis gansxvavebuloba hqondaT,  SevTavazeT daeweraT, Tu ra grZnobebsa da asociaciebs iwvevs maTSi esa Tu is sityva an gamoTqma.

tipiuri magaliTebi, romlebic SevarCieT 120-ze meti pasuxidan:

·         sakmaod gavrcelebuli gamoTqma “etls mijaWvuli” – asocirdeba “ganwirulobasTan”, “borkilebTan”.

·         yru - munji – urTierTobis sirTulesTan, kontaqtebis damyarebis sirTulesTan.

·         avadmyofi – saWiroebs mkurnalobas, gadamdebia.

·         yru, “paralitiki”, arasrulfasovani, uxelo, avadmyofi - iwvevs TanagrZnobas da sibraluls.

·         xeibari, gonebaClundgi, dauni - iwvevs zizRs.

·         fsixi, Wkuasusti, aranormaluri, “Siziki” - dakavsirebulia usiamovno moulodnelobasTan, saSiSroebasTan, safrTxestan da rogorc wesi iwvevs SiSs. aseT mimarTvebs kargad aRzrdili adamianebi nebismier garemoebaSi Tavs arideben.

gamoTqmebi - gansxvavebuli, gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamiani, fizikuri SezRudulobis mqone, adamiani etlSi, usinaTlo - sakmaod neitralur asociaciebs iwvevs.

sityva “invalidi” sxvadasxva grZnobebs iwvevs, Tumca, mTlianobaSi, sazogadoebis umravlesoba am termins misaRebad miiCnevs.

sityva “invalidi” inglisurenovani terminia da niSnavs uvargiss,  gamouyenebels, gamousadegars. qarTul da rusul enebSi ki es sityva, abstraqtul datvirTvas iZens.  

saqarTveloSi inglisuri enis gaaqtiurebas am sityvis ( invalidi e.i  “uvargisis”) Secvlis bunebrivi aucilebloba mohyva.

Cven ar veTanxmebiT im azrs rom zogierTi gamoTqma, TiTqos gamogonili da uazroa,

rom yoveldriur cxovrebaSi ver damkvidrdeba “SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamiani”. es gamoTqma marTlac  grZeli, TiTqos mouxerxebeli da arazusticaa: FfarTo gagebiT, SezRuduloba nebismier adamians SeiZleba met-naklebad axasiaTebdes. TiTqos arc  zepir metyvelebaSi, damkvidrdeba gamoTqmebi: “ sulieri darRvevebis mqone adamiani” an “adamiani, romelsac gadaadgilebis sirTule aqvs”.

demokratiuli sazogadoebis mSenebloba iTvaliswinebs iseTi sazogadoebis Senebas, romelSic adgili ar eqneba diskriminaciis arcerT formas ad ar iqneba gamoyenebuli madiskriminebeli terminebi.

Cveni sakuTari ena da sworad SerCeuli gamoTqmebis gamoyenebiT Seqmnili saxeebi xazs unda usvamdes adamianis Rirsebebs, faseulobebs, unar-Cvevebs da Zalas, TviToeuli Cvenganis wvlils sazogadoebaSi.

cota ram stereotipebis Sesaxeb

stereotipi – es aris myari warmodgena vinmeze, an rameze, dafuZnebuli cxovrebiseul (pirad) gamocdilebaze, an mis gareSe. rogorc wesi, stereotipebi yalibdeba, bavSvobaSi da met-naklebad yvela adamians gaaCnia.

marTalia, stereotipebi gvexmareba uzarmazari informaciis gafiltvraSi, magram ar asaxavs surats mTlianobaSi da uxeSad cvlis mocemul informacias.

sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis SerCevisas Tavi unda avaridoT iseT stereotipebs rogoricaa 

“msxverpli” – zedmetad dramatizirebuli saxea mudmivad ubeduri da umweo adamianisa. “gmiri”, romelic yvelanairi dabrkoleba “gadalaxa” da “normalur” cxovrebas eweva _ esec Zalzed gavrcelebuli saxea da zedmet paTetikas Seicavs. aseTi tonis da gamoTqmebis gamoyeneba avtors SeumCnevlad, “mfarvelis”poziciaSi ayenebs. garda amisa, gvaxsovdes, rom koreqtulobisaken swrafvisas tavi unda avaridoT ganzogadebas da varauds. nu mogeridebaT, Tavad am adamianebs hkiTxoT, rogori gamoTqma ufro marTebuli iqneba maTTan mimarTebaSi.

Cven gvesmis, rom yvelasaTvis misaRebi ar iqneba zogoerTi gamoTqma. magram SeuCveveli yuris gaxedvnas dro swirdeba. magaliTad, ukve ramodenime welia, erTni principulad iyeneben gamoTqmas “SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone piri”, xolo meoreni Tvlian rom sityva “invalidi” gacilebiT ufro misaxerxebelia. bevri gveubneba, rom SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas nebismieri sityva, gacilebiT mniSvnelovania Seicvalos Cvens irgvliv arsebuli stereotipebi. koreqtuli terminologia mxolod axla yalibdeba qarTulSic da sxva enebSic.

aqedan gamomdinare, Cven siamovnebiT miviRebT Tqvens SeniSvnebsa da winadadebebs.

cota ram etiketze.

koreqtuli terminebis xmareba sakmarisi araa, Tu ar iciT sad da rogor gamoiyenoT isini, ris gamoc SeiZleba uerxul mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndeT Tqvenc da Tqveni mosaubrec.

qvemoT mocemuli rekomendaciebi Cveni sakuTari gamocdilebisa da dakvirvebis safuZvelze CamovayalibeT da imedi gvaqvs, dagexmarebaT uxerxuli situaciebis daZlevaSi.

SeecadeT, gansxvavebuli sesaZleblobebis mqone adamians cnobismoyvare da mowyale TvaliT ar SexedoT.  Tu quCaSia gamosuli es srulebiTac ar niSnavs, rom is mowyalebis saTxovnelad imyofeba iq. gulCvelobis da zedmetad Tavsmoxveuli TanagrZnobis gamoxatva niSnavs imas rom Tqven Tavidanve ver xedavT masSi Tanaswors, rac TavisTavad ukve Seuracmyofelia.

etiketis aTi zogadi wesi

am wesebs iyeneben aSS-s sazogadoebrivi samsaxurebis TanamSromlebi.

Sedgenilia karen meieris mier, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis integraciis centrSi.

1.   rodesac gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobis mqone adamians esaubrebiT, mimarTeT uSualod mas da ara mis Tanmxleb pirs, an mTargmnels, romlebic eswreba saubars.

2.   rodesac gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobis mqone adamians gacnoben, sruliad bunebrivia CamoarTvaT mas xeli.  masac ki, visac uZneldeba xelis moZraoba an iyenebs protezs, SeuZlia gamogiwodoT marjvena an marcxena xeli.

3.   rodesac xvdebiT adamians, romelic cudad an saerTod ver xedavs, aucileblad daasaxeleT sakuTari Tavi da isini, visTan erTadac xarT. Tu saubari jgufSi mimdinareobs, ar dagaviwydeT daasaxeloT sakuTari Tavi da is  visac mimarTavT.

4. Tu Tqven daxmarebas sTavazobT, daelodeT, sanam mas miiReben da Semdeg hkiTxeT ra da rogor gaakeToT.
5. zrdasrul gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobis mqone adamians moeqeciT ise, rogorc zrdasrul adamians. saxeliT da “Sen”-obiT mimarTeT, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi Tu mas kargad icnobT.
6. Tu adamiani etlSi zis, mieyrdnoT an daeyrdeniT  mis etls es igivea, rac mieyrdnoT an daeyrdnoT Tavad mas, rac cxadia gamaRizianebelia. etli - adamianisTvis,  xelSeuxebeli sivrcis nawilia.
7. rodesac esaubrebiT adamians, romelsac sirTuleebi aqvs urTierTobisas, SeecadeT yuradRebiT usminoT. iyaviT momTmeni, daelodeT sanam igi TviTon daasrulebs frazas. nu SeusworebT da mis magivrad nu daamTavrebT frazas. nurasdros moaCvenebT Tavs rom gesmiT misi saubari, Tu sainamdvileSi es ase araa. gaimeoreT, rac gaigeT, es gauadvilebs adamians gipasuxoT, xolo Tqven dagexmarebaT gaugoT mas.
8. rodesac saubrobT adamianTan, romelic etlSi zis an yavarjnebiT dgas, ecadeT ise ganTavsdiT, rom Tqveni Tvalebi erT simaRleze iyos. es masTan saubars gagiadvilebT.
9. Tu im adamianis yuradReba gindaT miiqcioT, romelsac cudad esmis, xeliT aniSneT dauqnieT an mxarze xeli SeaxeT. garkveviT isaubreT  da TvalebSi uyureT. Tumca, mxedvelobaSi iqonieT, rom yvelas, visac cudad esmis, ar SeuZlia tuCebis moZraobiT saubris azris gageba. visac es SeuZlia, moTavsdiT ise, rom sinaTle gecemodeT Tqven  da kargad CandeT. SeecadeT, araferma SegiSaloT xeli (sakvebi, sigareti, xelebi).
10. nu SecbundebiT, Tu SemTxveviT windauxedavoba gamoiCineT da wamogcdaT usinaTlosTan - “vnaxavT erTmaneTs” an “amis Sesaxeb gsmeiaT...?” imasTan visac ar esmis.

gTavazobT yuradReba miaqcioT zogierT Taviseburebsa, romelic unda gaiTvaliswinoT qvemoT CamoTvlil gansxvavebuli unaris mqone adamianebTan urTierTobisas, (smenadaqveiTebuli, usinaTlo, adamiani, romelic etlis saSualebiT gadaadgildeba da

a. S.).

adanebi, romlebsac gadaadgilebis sirTule aqvT

gaxsovdeT, rom etli – adamianis xelSeuxebeli sivrcea. nu CamoeyrdnobiT mas, xels nu kravT, ukiTxavad nu SemoawyobT masze fexebs. nu gaagorebT nebarTvis gareSe. es igivea, rac adamians daukiTxavad staciT xeli da waiyvanoT.

sanam vinmes daxmarebas gauwvT, aucileblad SeekiTxeT, sWirdeba es mas Tu ara. magaliTad, mZime karis gaReba an maRal xaoian xaliCaze gavla.

Tu daxmarebis SeTavazebaze Tanxmoba miiReT, ikiTxeT, risi gakeTebaa saWiro da misi Txovna, yuradRebiT mosmenili miTiTebebis mixedviT SeasruleT.

Tu etlis gadaadgilebis neba dagrTes, gadaadgileba daiwyeT nela, icodeT, rom etli swragad iRebs siCqares da moulodnelba biZgma SeiZleba wonasworobis dakargva gamoiwvios.

yovelTvis piradad SeamowmeT im adgilebis SeRwevadoba, sadac dagegmilia RonisZiebis Catareba. winaswar dainteresdiT ra saxis problemebi da barierebi SeiZleba SegxvdeT da rogor SeiZleba maTi gadalaxva.

adamians, romelic etlSi zis, mxarze an zurgze xeli ar unda dakraT.

Tu SesaZlebelia, iseTi pozicia SearCieT, rom saxiT erTmaneTs uyurebdeT, raTa Tqvens Tanamosaubres Tavis ukan gadaweva ar mouxdes.

arqiteqturuli barierebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, winaswar gaafrTxileT raTa man droulad miiRos saTanado gadawyvetileba.

gaxsovdeT, rom, Tu adamians fizikuri SezRuduloba aqvs, es ar niSnavs, rom mas aucilebelad aqvs mxedvelobis, smenis an gagebis problema.

nu ifiqrebT, rom etliT sargeblobis aucilebloba _ tragediaa. es Tavisufali gadaadgilebis saSualebaa, ra Tqma unda, arqiteqturuli barierebis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi arian iseTi adamianebi, romlebsac ar daukargavT siarulis unari, moZraoben yavarjnebiT, xeljoxiT da sxva saSualebebiT. siaruli SeuZliaT, etls iyeneben, mxolod swrafi da moxerxebuli gadaadgilebis mizniT.

adamiani mxedvelobis daqveiTebiT da usinaTloebi. 

mxedvelobis darRvevas mravali xarisxi gaaCnia. adamiani SeiZleba iyos mxdevelobadaqveiTebuli an sruliad usinaTlo. sruliad usinaTlo adamianTa ricxvi mxolid 10%-s Seadgens, nawils narCeni mxedveloba gaaCnia – SeuZlia sinaTlisa da Crdilis, zogjer ki ferisa da nivtebis moxazulobis garCevac. zogs susti periferiuli mxedveloba aqvs, sxvebs - susti pirdapiri da kargi periferiuli. saWiroa es yvelaferi dazustdes da gaTvaliswinebul iqnes piradi urTierTobis dros.

yovelTvis gaarkvieT, ra formiT surs adamians, informaciis miReba: braili, msxvili Srifti, disketa, audiokaseta. Tu ar gaqvT saSualeba, miawodoT informacia saWiro formatiT, mieciT im formiT, ra formiTac SegiZliaT – es ukeTesia, vidre araferi.

Tu daapirebT usinaTlo adamians waukiTxoT raime, jer aucileblad gaafrTxileT amis Sesaxeb. isaubreT Cveulebrivi toniT. ar gamotovoT informacia, Tu amas Tavad ar mogTxovT.

Tu es mniSvnelovani werili an dokumentia, ar aris saWiro misi xelSi micema zedmeti damajereblobisTvis. garda amisa, nu SecvliT wakiTxvas Sinaarsis gadmocemiT.

Tu usinaTlo adamians dokumentze xeli aqvs mosaweri, mas is aucileblad winaswar waukiTxeT. usinaTlo adamiani ar Tavisufldeba dokumentiT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgeblobisagan.

roca usinaTlo adamians exmarebiT, nu CabRujavT mis xels, ar aris saWiro xeli stacoT da ise gaiyoloT ukan, Tqvenc iareT masTan erTad, mieciT mas mimarTuleba.

nu gewyinebaT, Tu Tqveni daxmareba uaryves.

mokled aRwereT, adgili sadac imyofebiT. magaliTad: “darbazis centrSi, Tqvengan daaxloebiT eqvsi nabijis daSorebiT, dgas magida”. an: “ karidan marcxniv, rogorc ki SexvalT, dgas yavis magida”.  gaafrTxileT winaaRmdegobebis Sesaxeb: safexurebi, wylis gubeebi, ormoebi, dabali Weri, milebi da a.S. yuradReba miaqcieT msxvrevadi nivTebis arsebobas.

Tu uadgilo ar iqneba, gamoiyeneT frazebi, xmis, suns da manZils damaxasiaTeblad. Tumca gaiTvaliswineT, rom es yvelas ar moswons. gauziareT danaxuli.

usinaTlos ZaRl- gamcilebels nu moeqceviT ise, rogorc Cveulebriv Sinaur cxovels. nu miscemT brZanebebs, nu eTamaSebiT, nu SeexebiT mas xeliT.

nu gamoarTmevT da nu CabrujavT usinaTlo adamianis xeljoxs.

yovelTvis mimarTeT uSualod adamians, maSinac ki, rodesac is ver gxedavT da ara mis Tanmxlebs, romelic gxedavT.

yovelTvis waradgineT Tavi, Tanamosaubreni da danarCeni damswre pirebi. Tu xelis CamorTmeva gsurT, acnobeT mas amis Sesaxeb.

rodesac usinaTlo adamians dajdomas sTavazobT, nu dasvamT mas ZaldatanebiT, jer xeli waaRebineT skamis sazurgis an saxelurisaken. Tu ucxo sagans acnobT, nu gadaatarebinebT xels sagnis zedapirze, mieciT saSualeba Tavisuflad Seexos sagans. Tu Tqven gTxoves, daexmaroT raime saganis aRebaSi, ar aris saWiro usinaTlo adamianis xelis mtevani waiRoT sagnisken da ise aaRebinoT igi.

rodesac usinaTlo adamianTa jgufs esaubrebiT, yovelTvis daasaxeleT  piri, romelsac mocemul momentSi mimarTavT.

nu aiZulebT Tqvens mosaubres sicarieles mimarTos: adgilis SecvlisSemTxvevaSiacnobeT mas amis Sesaxeb.

SegiZliaT Cveulebrivsameb ixmaroT sityva “danaxva”. usinaTlo adamianisTvis es igivea rc “xelebiT danaxva”, SegrZneba.

erideT bundovan gansazRvrebebs da miTiTebebs, romlebsac, rogorc wesi Tan axlavs Jestebi, magaliTad rogoricaa gamonaTqvamebi: “Wiqa sadRac iq magidazea, TqvenTan axlos ... ”. SeecadeT, miawodoT zusti gansazRvreba “Wiqa Tqvengan marcxniv dgas”, “skami Tqvengan marjvnivaa”. mimikisa da Jestebis magivrad gamoiyeneT sityvebi.

Tu SeamCnieT rom usinaTlo adamiani mimarTulebas ascda, nu SeecdebiT, mimarToT misi moZraoba Soridan, miuaxlovdiT da daexmareT saWiro mimarTulebis SerCevaSi.   

safexurebze asvlis an Casvlis dros usinaTlo adamiani, atareT kibis perpendikularulad. siarulisas nu gaakeTebT gakvriT da mkveTr moZraobebs. usinaTlo adamianis Tanxlebisas xelebs ukan nu SemoiwyobT – es uxerxulia.

smenadaqveiTebuli adamianebi

rodesac smenadaqveiTebul adamians esaubrebiT, uyureT pirdapir mas.

nu moaqcevT sakuTar saxes CrdilSi da nu aifarebT xelebs, Tmebs an sxva sagnebs. TqvenTan mosaubres saSualeba unda hqondes Tvalyuri adevnos Tqeni saxis gamometyvelebas.

smenis daqveiTebis sxvadasxva tipi da xarisxi arsebobs. Sesabamisad arsebobs urTierTobis mravali saSualeba. Tu ar iciT, romels mianiWoT upiratesoba, hkiTxeT TviTon maT.

zogierT adamians smena aqvs, magram calkeul xmebs, bgerebs arasworad aRiqvams. am SemTxvevaSi cota ufro xmamaRla da garkveviT isaubreT, SearCieT Sesabamisi xmis tembri. zogjer xmis dawevac mogiwevT, radgan arian iseTi adamianebic romelTac dakarguli aqvT maRali sixSiris bgerebis aRqmis unari.

Tu gsurT miiqcioT im adamianis yuradReba, romelsac daqveiTebuli smena aqvs, mimarTeT mas saxeliT. Tu ar gipasuxaT, SeiZleba frTxilad SeexoT xeliT mxarze an xeli dauqnioT.

isaubreT gasagebad da Tanabrad. ar aris saWiro sityvebis zedmetad xazgasma. yviriliT laparaki da miTumetes yurSi Cayvireba.

Tu naTqvamis gameorebas gTxoven, SeecadeT sxva formulireba mouZebnoT mas da ixmaroT Jestebis ena.

Aucileblad darwmundiT, rom gagiges. nu mogeridebaT kiTxoT, gagigoT Tu ara Tanamosaubrem.

Tu iseT informacias awvdiT, romelic Seicavs nomers, teqnikur an sxva raime rTul termins, misamarTs, dawereT da acnobeT faqsis, el-fostis an  sxva sakomunikacio saSualebiT, mxolod ise, rom gasagebi iyos.

Tu zepir urTierTobaSi sirTuleebi gagiCndaT, mosaubris nebarTviT mimarTeT werilobiT urTierTobas. arasdros TqvaT: “kargiT, es arc ise mniSvnelovania”. Setyobineba unda iyos martivi.

ar dagaviwydeT garemo, romelSic imyofebiT. did da xalxmraval SenobebSi rTulia urTierToba adamianebTan, romelTac cudad esmiT. Aaseve urTierTobis barierad SeiZleba iqces kaSkaSa mze an Crdili.

nu SecvaloT saubris Temas gaufrTxileblad. gamoiyeneT gardamavali frazebi, rogoricaa: “kargiT, exla unda ganvixiloT...”. da misT.

Zalian xSirad smenadaqveiTebuli adamianebi iyeneben Jestebis enas. Tu Tarjimnis meSveobiT gaqvT uerTierToba, ar dagaviwydeT, rom unda mimarToT uSualod Tanamosaubres, da ara Tarjimans.

Yvelas, visac cudad esmis, ar SeuZlia tuCebis moZraobiT gaigos Tqveni naTqvami. umjobesia, amis Sesaxeb pirvelive Sexvedraze taqtianad hkiTxoT. Tu Tqven Tanamosaubres es unari aqvs, unda daicvaT ramdenime mniSvnelovani wesi. gaxsovdeT:

• 10 sityvidan mxolod 3 ikiTxeba kargad.
• Tanamosaubres unda uyuroT saxeSi elaparakoT garkveviT da nela, gamoiyenoT martivi frazebi da Tavi aaridoT umniSvnelo sityvebs.
• Tu gindaT xazi gausvaT an ufro naTeli gaxadoT naTqvamis azri,

      unda gamoiyenoT saxiTi metyveleba, Jestebi, sxeulis moZraoba.

Adamianebi ganviTarebis Seferxebis da urTierTobis problemebiT

imetyveleT gasagebi eniT, saqmeze da daniSnulebisamebr SerCeuli sityvebiT.

Tavi aarideT sityvier Stampebsa da xatovan gamonaTqvamebs, Tu darwmunbuli ara xarT, rom Tqveni Tanamosaubre icnobs maT.

nu isaubrebT “qedmaRlurad”. Nnu fiqrobT, rom Tqveni ar esmiT.

amocanebisa da proeqtze isaubreT nawyvet-nawyvet. mieciT saSualeba Tqvens Tanamosaubres gaanalizos TiToeuli etapi, im TnmimdevrobiT, rogorc uxseniT.

gaiTvaliswineT, rom ganviTarebaSi Seferxebebis mqome zrdasrul adamiansac gaaCnia cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba, rogorc sxva nebismier zrdasrul adamians.

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gamoiyeneT TvalsaCinoeba - ilustraciebi da fotosuraTebi. Tu pirveli mcdelobisas ver gaiges far-xmals nu dayriT, naTqvami ramdenjerme gaimeoreT.

ganviTarebaSi Seferxebis mqone adamians iseve mimarTeT, rogorc nebismier sxvas. isaubreT im Temebze, romlebzedac sxvebTan isaubrebdiT. magaliTad: SabaT-kviris gegmebi, Svebuleba, amindi, ukanaskneli cnobebi.

mimarTeT uSualod mas..

gaxsovdeT, rom ganviTarebaSi Seferxebis mqone adamianebi qmediTunariani arian da SeuZliaT dokumentebze, kontraqtebze xelis mowera, xmis micema, samedicino daxmarebaze Tanxmobis micema da a. S.

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Tqveni Setyobineba an winadadeba gadaeciT Tanamosaubres werilobiT,  megobarTan an ojaxis wevrebTan erTad gansaxilvelad. baraTSi miuTiTeT Tqveni telefonis nomeri da SesTavazeT ganxilvis gagrZeleba Semdeg Sexvedraze.

fsiqiatriuli problemebis mqone pirebi

fsiqikuri darRvevebi gansxvavdeba zogad ganviTarebaSi Seferxebis mqone adamianTa problemebisagan. aseTi darTvevis mqone adamianebi ganicadian emociur aSlilobas, rac  arTulebs maT cxovrebas. maT mier samyaros aRqma  Taviseburi da cvalebadia.

ar ifiqroT, rom fsiqikuri darRvevebis mqone adamianebi aucileblad saWiroeben damatebiT zrunvas an gansakuTrebul mopyrobas.

moepyariT, rogorc pirovnebebs. ar aris saWiro naadrevi daskvnebis gamotana im gamocdilebis safuZvelze, romelic Tqven miiReT gansxvavebulobis imave formis mqone adamianebTan urTierTobisas.

ar iqroT, rom fsiqikuri darRvevebis mqone adamians sxvaze metad aqvs midrekileba Zaladobisaken. es miTia. Tu Tqven megobrulad moeqceviT, , isinic adeqvaturad mogeqcevian.

arasworia, rom fsiqikuri darRvevis mqone adamianebi yovelTvis iReben an unda iRebdnen wamlebs.

arasworia mosazreba, rom fsiqiuri darRvevis mqone pirebs ar SeuZliaT dokumentze xelis mowera an Tanxmobis micema mkurnalobaze. isini, rogorc wesi, qmediTunarianebi arian.

arasworia, rom fsiqikuri darRvevis mqone pirebs gagebis problema aqvT, an ufro dabali inteleqti gaaCniaT, vidre adamianTa umravlesobas.

arasworia, rom fsiqikuri darRvevis mqone pirebs ar SeuZliaT muSaoba. maT SeuZliaT mravali iseTi saqmis Sesruleba, romelic moiTxovs gansazRvrul codnas da unars.

nu ifirebT, rom fsiqiuri darRvevebis mqone adamianebma ar ician ra aris maTTvis kargi, da ra – cudi.

Tu fsiqikuri darRvevis mqone piri, cud xasiaTzea, wynarad hkiTxeT, risi gakeTeba SegiZliaT, mis dasaxmareblad.

nu ifiqrebT, rom fsiqikuri darRvevis mqone adamians ar SeuZlia  Tavad gaumklavdes stress.

nu daelaparakebiT mas uxeSad amis safuZveli romc gqondeT.

MmetyvelebadarRveuli adamianebi

nu ignorirebT maT, visac saubari uWirs, radgan maTi gageba – Tqvensave interesebSia.

nu SeawyvetinebT da nu SeusworebT  saubars. saubari  daiwyeT mxolod maSin rodesac darwmundebiT rom man ukve daasrula Tavisi saTqmli.

nu SeecdebiT saubris daCqarebas. mzad iyaviT, rom saubari metyvelebis sirTuleebis mqone pirTan SedarebiT met dros wagarTmevT. Tu geCqarebaT, moubodiSeT da sxva Tavisufal droze SeuTanxmdiT.

Tanamosaubres uyureT TvalebSi, SeinarCuneT masTan vizualuri kontaqti. mTeli Tqveni yuradReba saubars miapyariT.

nu ifiqrebT, rom metyvelebis darRveva dabali inteleqtis maCvenebelia.

Tu adamians romelsac darRveuli aqvs metyveleba, axlavs sxva adamiani, Tqvens kiTxvebs, komentarebs an Txovnebs misi misamarTiT nu mimarTavT.

SeecadeT iseTi kiTxvebi dasvaT, romlebic moiTxoven mokle pasuxs an Tavis dakvras.

Tu naTqvami ver gaigeT, Tavs nu moaCvenebT, gaimeroT ise, rogorc gaigeT da Tanamosaubris reaqcia dagexmarebaT. nu mogeridebaT, hkiTxoT is, rac ver gaigeT. Tu mainc ver gaigeT, sTxoveT sityva ufro nela gaimeoros, SeiZleba, aso-asoc.

ar dagaviwyvdeT, rom metyvelebadarRveul adamiansac sWirdeba Tavisi azris gamoTqma. nu SeawyvetinebT, nu daTrgunavT da nu daaCqarebT Tanamosaubres.

nu fiqrobT, rom metvelebadarRveul pirs Tqveni gageba ar SeuZlia.

nu iTamaSebT sxvisi xmovani aparatebiT, radganac isini adamianis piradi kuTvnilebaa.

Tu aseT adamianebTan urTierTobisas problemebi gagiCndaT, hkiTxeT xom ar urCevniaT urTierTobis sxva saSualebis gamoyeneba – dawera, dabeWdva.

Hhiperkinezebi

hiperkinezi – tanis an kidurebis uneblie moZraobaa, romelic, Cveulebriv axasiaTebT bavSvTa cerebraluri damblis (bcd) mqone pirebs. uneblie moZraobebi SeiZleba gamoiwvios zurgis tvinis dazianebamac.

hiperkinezeiani adamianis danaxvisas ar aris saWiro gansakuTrebuli interesis gamoxatva.

saubrisas yuradRebas nu miaqcevT Tanamosaubris uneblie moZraobebs, radgan, garda imisa rom uxerxulia, SesaZloa raime mniSvnelovani gamogrCeT. maSin oriveni uxerxul mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndebiT.

daxmareba SesTavazeT daZalebis, sazogadoebis yuradRebas miqcevis gareSe.

sanam hiperkinezis mqone pirTan erTad sufras miujdebiT, dainteresdiT, sufris rogori mowyobilobaa misTvis mosaxerxebeli. mas SeiZleba dasWirdes koqteilis Cxirebi, Rrma TefSi an piriqiT, maRali an dabali finjani da a. S.

Tu maRaziaSi, hiperkinezis mqone adamianma gTxovaT, amoiRoT misi CanTidan safule da gadaixadoT an CaulagoT mas navaWri CanTaSi, nu SegeSindebaT misi am Txovnebis Sesruleba. amasTan, ar aris saWiro mis magier gadaixadoT.

transportSi: avtobusSi (troleibusSi, tramvaiSi) asvla-Camosvlisas, daxmarebis SeTavazebamde hikiTxeT, sWirdeba Tu ara mas is. zogierTs ucxo adamianis daxmareba mxolod xels uSlis. Tu adgilis daTmobisas uari giTxraT, nuRar CaacivdebiT.

kinoSi an TeatrSi hiperkinezis mqone adamianebisTvis bileTebis yidvisas, aarCieT iseTi adgilebi, sadac isini TavianTi uneblie moZraobebiT xels ar SeuSlian sxva mayureblebs. Tuki aseTi adgilebi ar aris, maSin administracias unda SeuTanxmdeT, rom daamaton adgilebi gasasvlelebSi.

hiperkinezis mqone adamianis ganerviulebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT uars nu ityviT mastan SekamaTebaze. pozicia “oRond ar inerviulo, “kargi rac aris aris” migviyvans mxolod drois da nervebis kargvamde. mSvidad gamoTqviT Tqveni argumentebi, maSinac ki rodesac xedavT, rom Tqveni Tanamosaubre Relavs.

hiperkenizis dros gvxdeba metyelebis sirTuleebic. am SemTxvevaSi girCevT, misdioT rCevebs qveTavidan “metyvelebis sirTuleebis mqone pirebi”.

da bolos…....

nu SegaSfoTebT koreqtuli wesebis simravle Tuki rameSi eWvi geparebaT, endeT Tqvens alRos da TanagrZnobis unars. SeinarCuneT simSvide da keTilganwyoba.

Tu ar iciT ra qnaT, hkiTxeT Tqvens Tanamosaubres. Nnu SegeSindebaT, rom amiT mas awyeninebT – Tqven xom erTmaneTtan urTierTobiT xarT dainteresebuli. Tuki Tqven koreqtulad da gasagebad moiqceviT isinic gagigeben.

nurc xumrobis SegeSindebaT. taqtiani da drouli xumroba mxolod dagexmarebaT urTierTobis damyarebaSi da situaciis ganmuxtvaSi.

sxvasac ise moeqeciT, rogorc sakuTar Tavs, da yvelaferi kargad iqneba.

warmatebebs gisurvebT!

rTulia zogadsakacobrio problemebis erTi xelis dakvriT gadaWra, magram Cven vcdilobT viswavloT maTi daZleva da sxvebsac davexmaroT am saqmeSi.

wignisTvis “ena da eTika”

jon DSapiro, amerikeli Jurnalisti, gazeTi “voSington posti”

invalidi: axali terminis Zieba

diskriminaciis aRmosafxvrelad enas udidesi

mniSvneloba aqvs

es didi imedismomcemi faqtoria. erT-erTma saqvelmoqmedo organizaciam  terminis «invalidis» Semcvleli sxva axali, dadebiTi muxtis materebeli terminis mofiqrebisTvis jildod 50 aTasi dolari gamoyo. Mmagram sanam gamarjvebuli terminis «gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobis mqone adamiani» - avtori mogebul Tanxas sazeimod miiRebda, misi termini satovelTao qilikisa da mtruli damokidebulebis sagnad iqca.

aseTma gulgrilobam erTi sayuradRebo tendencia gamoavlina: Turme invalidebi im zomamde SeeCvivnen TavianT invalidobas, sulac aRar eCoTirebaT es termini da amayoben kidec. ubralod,  sxva iseT umciresobaTa msgavsad, rogorebic arian Savebi, homoseqsualistebi, da a.S. Txouloben Seicvalos maTdami damokidebuleba da ena romliTac sazogadoeba maTze saubrobs.

ar aris marTali, TiTqos invalidis buneba, zedmetad mgrZnobiarea. magaliTad, sityvas  «xeibari» sazogadoeba didi xania iynebs. Uunda iTqvas rom arc invalidebi amboben am sityvaze uars «TavisianebTan» urTierTobaSi, magram isini aseTive warmatebiT iyeneben iseT terminebsac, rogoricaa «mosiaruleebi», an «jer ar dainvalidebulni», riTac imaze migvaniSneben, rom invalidobis albaToba izrdeba, Tundac siberis moaxloebasTan erTad.

aseT gamoTqmebs ki pirvel yovlisa ki imitom xmaroben, rom ena ayalibebs socialur stereotipebs da Tavisi wvlili Seaqvs umciresobis statusis dadgenaSi, diskriminaciis procesSi.

aseTi problemebi, ki namdvilad ar akliaT amerikel invalidebs, romelTa raodenoba 34-43 milions Seadgens, imisdamixedviT, Tu ras gulisxmoben sityvaSi «invalidi».

konkursi moewyo qristinas erovnuli fondis iniciativiT. konkursze ganxilul iqna 66 aTasi termini.Ggamarjvebuli terminis «gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobis mqone piri» avtori j. frimani ambobs, rom is Tavad specialur skolaSi muSaobs, da xedavs Tu moswavleebi, rogor ganicdian maT mimarT gamoTqmul arakoreqtul sityvas an gamoTqmas.

frimanis varaudiT, invalidebi uaryofen iseT sityvebs, romlebSic imTaviTve Zevs azri, TiTqos, maTi fizikuri an mentaluri monacemebi aucileblad unda iwvevdes Secodebas, metyveleben maT sisusteebze, YTiTqos isini sacodavebi da ususurni arian. metnaklebad misaRebia termini disabled (SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone adamiani), romelmac axlaxan gandevna xmarebidan termini handicapped (adamiani, romelsac daxmareba esaWiroeba). es termini Tavdapirvelad moiwones Tavad invalidebma. arsebobs kidev erTi misaRebi gansazRvreba «adamiani, romelsac invalidoba gaaCnia» e.i. pirvel rigSi adamiani Semdeg misi Tvisebebi.

Tumca aSkaraa is faqti, rom TviTo invalidebi ar iyeneben iseT terminebs, rogoricaa «adamiani, romelsac fizikuri SezRuduloba aqvs», «gonebrivi da fizikuri sirTuleebis mqone adamiani» da sxva msgavsi...

termini «adamiani, gadaadgilebis sirTuleebiT», arafriT ganmasxvavebs «everestze mcocavi qalisagan»- ambobs poeti da eseisti nensi maersi. misi azriT, mxolod zusti terminologia Tu daafiqrebs xalxs, ras niSnavs iyo invalidi da ratom aris saWiro SeRwevadi garemos Seqmna, romelSic invalidi Tavisuflad imoZravebs.

gazeTis «cxovreba invalidobiT» Jurnalistis, diana piastros azriT ki frimanis terminis mixedviT, invalidoba TiTqos erTi samarcxvino ram aris da aucileblad unda daimalos. is Tvlis, rom sityva «gansxvavebuli» bundovani gansazRvrebaa da faqtiurad uaryofs realobas.

Jurnalis «Disabiliti Rag» redaqtori Tvlis rom «xalxi ver Caswvdeba invalidobis kulturas, etli fexzec rom gadaataroT»

zogirTebis azriT ki diskriminaciis gamomxatvelia Tavad is faqtic, rom sazogadoebis mxolod mcire nawils aniWeben statuss misi fizikuri mdgomareobis mixedviT. fizikurad raime damaxasiaTebeli da xandaxan gansakuTrebulad originaluri, yvelas aqvs. bevri maTgani, maT Soris «super varskvlavebic», cdiloben dafaron zedmetad yuradRebis mimqcevi gansxvaveba (mag: didi cxviri, da sxva) da amisTvis yvela xerxs iyeneben. «garda amisa, me xalxze, gacilebiT ukeTesi Sexeduleba maqvs da mjera, rom xalxs invalidobis kulturis gagebis unari aqvs fexebze etlis gadatarebis gareSec» ambobs m.m.

biznesmenma d. brous maknaganma daaarsa qristinas erovnuli fondi, romelsac Tavisi qaliSvilis pativsacemad misive saxeli daarqva. gogonas bcd (bavSvTa cerebraluri dambla) aqvs. biznesmenis azriT, axali ena aucilebelia ara mxolod imisaTvis, rom invalidebma naTlad gamoxaton TaviaanTi SegrZnebebi, aramed imisaTvisac rom Secvalon sazogadoebaSi arsebuli stereotipuli, crurwmenaze dafuZnebuli myarad damkvidrebuli Sexedulebebi maT Sesaxeb.

konkursis Jiuris wevri irving keneT zola ambobs, SeiZleba termini «gansxvavebuli» sulac ar aRmoCndes sicocxlisunariani, magram Tavad konkursi win gadadgmuli nabijia. konkursma bevri daafiqra, imaze Tu ra SeuZlia uaryofiTi datvirTvis matarebel sityvas. is faqti, rom invalidebi iZenen TviTganmsazRvrel axal sityvebs da sazogadoeba mxars uWers maT, erTgvarad, axali urTierTobis Camoyalibebis niSania.