რეალური სამყარო # 1

3 დეკემბერი შეზღუდულობის მქონე პირთა უფლებების დაცვის საერთაშორისო დღეა

შეზღუდულობის მქონე ადამიანები და მათი დამოუკიდებლობა

ჩვენ "განსცვავებული"  ადამიანები ვართ. ზოგს დაბადებიდან დაგვყვა ეს განსხვავებულობა, ზოგმა მოგვიანებით შევიძინეთ. ჩვენ, ჩვენი სპეციფიური საჭიროებებიდან გამომდინარე განსხვავებულ პირობებს ვსაჭიროებთ.

es ki imas niSnavs, rom Cveni moTxovnebi gansxvavdeba sazogadoebis umravlesobis, im moTxovnebisagan, romelsac xalxi mieCvia da “normad” miiCnevs.

marTalia zogierT CvenTagans yavarjeni sWirdeba, zogs etli, zogs sasmeni aparati, zogs gamcilebeli ZaRli, zogsac personaluri damxmare an saTvale, magram yvela sxva adamianTa msgavsad, Cven gvaqvs mdidari cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba, da am gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, vaRiareT, gaviTaviseT Cveni gansxvavebuloba da SevecadeT Tavad uzrunvelgveyo Cvenive moTxovnilebebi.  

Cven yoveldRiurad gviwevs iseTi fizikuri winaaRmdegobebis gadalaxva rogoricaa: SeuRwevadi Senobebi, transporti da sxva mravali, magram bevrad ufro rTulia im uxilavi winaaRmdegobebis gadalaxva, romelsac sazogadoebia Cvendami negatiuri, arakoreqtuli damokidebulebiT qmnis.

aseTi ram, ki yoveli fexis nabijze gvxvdeba. es is winaaRmdegobaa, romlis daZleva Cven SesaZleblobebs aRemateba. yovelive es, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi damatebiT, usamarTlo winaaRmdegobebs gviqmnis da xels gviSlis “damoukidebeli cxovrebis” miRwevaSi.

diax, realoba aris is, rom Cven ar SegviZlia cxovreba etlebis, sasmeni aparatebis, gamcilebeli ZaRlebis an damxmare pirebis gareSe, magram im zedmeti barierebis gareSe ki, romelsac qmnis mcdari sazogadoebrivi azri, uaryofiTi damokidebuleba, informaciis nakleboba da mravali sxva... ai, amis gareSe ki cxovreba namdvilad SegviZlia.

European Disability Forum BULLETIN

ucvleli mxolod cvalebadobaa

yvelaferi cvalebadia – istoria, politika, saxelmwifo wyoba, xedva, sazogadoebis cxovrebis wesi, qmedeba, buneba da sxva mravali. iseTi mudmivi cnebac ki, rogoricaa dro, magram mainc aris iseTi ram, rac ar eqvemdebareba cvlebadobas es aris Tavad _ cvalebadoba.

am sakiTxis gaazrebiT daviwye pirveli kursis pirveli leqciis mosmena. da mas mere bevri ram Seicvala CemTvis da me mjera, rom Tqvens mier dawunebuli cxovrebis Secvla Tqvenzea damokidebuli.

4 wlis asakSi pirvelad gavxdi avad. amas moyva mraval wliani problema. ukuprocesis imedi jerkidev bavSvobaSi davkarge da mivxvdi, rom aw da momavalSi es mdgomareoba gansazRvravda Cems cxovrebas. vicodi, rom Zalian gansxvavebuli cxovrebiT vcxovrobdi da verc Sevcvlidi mas sakuTari survilis mixedviT, radgan SeizRuda Cemi SesaZleblobebi, ver gavxdebodi iseTi, rogorebic sxva bavSvebi iyvnen.

Semdgom ukve gaurbodi yvelafers rac ki Cems problemebs Semaxsenebda. gaurbodi im adamianebs, romlebic me mgavdnen problemebiT. mogvianebiT ki gadavwyvite gamomeyenebina is SesaZleblobebi, rac damrCa. aRmoCnda, rom arc Tu ise cota ram damrCenoda. mindoda Tavi dameRwia saavadmyofoebisTvis, sadac Zalzed bevri dro mqonda mefiqra da gadawyvetileba mimeRo. rogorc ki amas mivaRwie maSinve intensiur swavlas, mogzaurobas da megobrebTan mxiarulebas mivyavi xeli. kidev ufro mogvianebiT Sevityve, rom aseT cxovrebis stils socialuri modeli rqmevia.

ra mniSvneloba aqvs ra qvia?

mTavaria, rom cxovrob sakuTari cxovrebiT. Sromob imisTvis, rom gadairCino Tavi, izruno sxvebze da isiamovno im egoisturi grZnobiT, rom sxvas iseve sWirdebi, rogorc is Sen.

ra xdeba dRes?

gaWirda cxovreba. magram modiT nu vilaparakebT im problemebze, romelic yvelam viciT. vilaparakoT am problemebidan gamosavlis erT-erT gzaze. am gzam momiyvana sazogadoebriv moZraobaSi sadac adamianebi acnobiereben sakuTar uflebebs, movaleobebs da pativscemen adamianis individualobas.

gaero-s adamianis uflebebis sayovelTao deklaraciis Tanaxmad _ adamians miniWebuli unda qondes yvela ufleba da Tavisufleba ganurCevlad raime gansxvavebisa racis, sqesis, enis, religiis, politikuri Tu sxva mrwamsis, erovnuli Tu socialuri warmomavlobis, qonebrivi, wodebrivi ...  diax yvela adamiani sargeblobs sayovelTao deklaraciiT miniWebuli uflebebiT, Tumca arian iseTebic visac yvelaferTan erTad damatebiTi uflebebic gaaCniaT. es niSnavs _ raime tipis SezRudulobis SemTxvevaSi sargebloben SesaZleblobis gaTanabrebis uflebiT, zogi amas “SeRavaTs” eZaxis.

sazogadoebis didi nawili mieCvia termins _ SeRavaTi. sinamdvileSi es aris ekonomikurad rTul situaciaSi myofi qveynebis politika. Tu saxelmwifo ver uzrunvelyofs adekvatur socialur dacvas, maSin dgindeba egreTwodebuli SeRavaTebi.

yovelive amas da sxvas (janmrTelobis dacva, ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba a.S.), moqalaqeebis Tanabari SesaZleblobis uzrunvelyofas aregulirebs gaero-s standartuli wesebi anu saerTaSoriso wesebi.

ekonomikurad ganviTarebul qveynebSi didi xania gaacnobieres, rom ufro momgebiania SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone adamiani ar iyos gaigivebuli umweosTan, aramed piriqiT mas sakuTari SesaZleblobebis realizaciisa da gadaxdisunarianobis  saSualeba eZleodes.

am uflebis dasacavad da SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebis mizniT saWiro gaxda specifiuri moZraobis Camoyalibebis xelSewyoba da amitom mTeli msoflios masStabiT Seiqmna invalidTa moZraoba, sadac SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone adamianebi miiswrafvian  damoukidebeli cxovrebis wesebis damkvidrebasaken da demokratiul procesebSi yvelasTvis Tanabari monawileobis SesaZlebelobis uzrunvelyofisaken.

amisaTvis, 1997 wels saqarTveloSic, Seiqmna arasamTavrobo organizaciebis araregistrirebuli kavSiri _ koalicia, romelsac ganviTarebis saintereso istoria aqvs. maSinve, koalicia _ invalidTa sakoordinacio sabWo, mTel rig procesebSi aqtiurad CaerTo: cvlilebi kanonmdeblobaSi, axalgazrdobis gaaqtiureba, sazogadoebis informireba, bavSvTa ganaTleba, humanitaruli daxmareba da sxva mravali sakiTxi, romelic sazogadoebas awuxebda da cota ar iyos fizikuri SezRudulobis mqone adamianebis aqtiurobam da miRwevebma sazogadoeba gakvirvebuli datova.  

2003 wels xsenebuli kavSiri amoqmedda, rogorc registrirebuli iuridiuli piri, ”saqarTvelos SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa da omis onvalidTa da veteranTa arasamTavrobo organizaciebis koalicia”. koaliciuri gaerTianeba, koordinirebuli muSaoba, erToblivi proeqtebi, es SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa sakiTxebze momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebis sakoordinacio sabWos erT-erT mniSvnelovani miRwevaa.

am movlenas xeli Seuwyo saqarTvelos SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa sicialuri dacvis kanonSi 32-e muxlis aRdgenam. kanonSi naTqvamia, rom saxelmwifo valdebulia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebsa da maT mier Seqmnil sazogadoebriv gaerTianebebs xeli Seuwyos socialur integraciasa da ganviTarebaSi – ekonomikuri RonisZiebebis gatarebiT.

dreisaTvis koalicia 50-mde organizacias aerTianebs. is SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa damoukidebeli cxovrebis ideis matarebelia da miiswrafvis SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebis integrirebisa da  sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi CarTvis xelSewyobisaken. bevr qveynebSi aseT organizaciebs grantebs aZleven. magaliTad, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi yovelwliurad 250 milioni dolari marto damoukidebeli cxovrebis centrebis Seqmnas xmardeba, sadac SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebs muSaobis, fsiqologiuri Tu sxva saxis daxmarebis miRebis saSualeba eZlevaT. cnobilia, rom bevri SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamiani saxlSia Caketili, radgan rcxveniaT gareT gamosvlis, gaurbian dacinvasa da Secodebas. samwuxarod am negatiur procesebs gaucnobiereblad Tu gacnobierebulad xSirad mSoblebi da ojaxis sxva wevrebi uwyoben xels.

2003 wels saqarTveloSic, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa da omis veteranTa a/o koaliciam dazRvevis erTiani saxelmwifo fondTan TanamSromlobiT da saxelmwifo biujetidan dafinansebiT ganaxorciela proeqtebi Semdegi eqvsi mimarTulebiT:

• saimformacio analitikuri saqmianoba, romlis mizania informaciis xelmisawvdomloba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTTaTvis, sazogadoebrivi azris koreqtireba da stereotipebis msxvreva mediis meSveobiT.
• inkluziuri ganaTleba, romelic iTvaliswinebs SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebis Cveulebriv skolaSi swavlebas.
• damoukidebeli cxovrebis wesis danergva, romelic sxva danarCen mimarTulebebTan erTad iuridiul da fsiqologiur daxmarebasac gulisxmobda.
• kulturul SemoqmedebiTi.
• sportuli RonisZiebebi.
• SezRudulobis prevencia, socialuri integracia da reabilitacia.

Tu Tqven es statia bolomde CaikiTxeT ese igi Tqven iciT, rom adamiani RmerTis Seqmnilia da rom RmerTi imden gansacdels gvaZlevs, ramdenis gaZlebac SegviZlia. SezRuduloba ar niSnavs, rom romelime sferoSi warmatebis miRweva SeuZlebelia.

SewyviteT kritika, dafiqrdiT da miiReT gadawyvetileba, Tqven Zalzed bevri SegiZliaT, gansazRvreT ra gWirdebaT, Semdeg moifiqreT sxva, rom iyoT Tqvens mdgomareobaSi myofs rogor daexmarebodiT, Semdeg am poziciidan SeadgineT gegma ra esaWiroeba warmatebuli Sedegis miRwevas _ risi codna saWiro? ramdeni adamiania saWiro? ramdeni dro? kidev ra aris saWiro?. da am gegmebiT SeiaraRebuli SeuerTdiT SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone adamianebis damoukidebeli cxovrebis moZraobas, radganac iq Tqven SesZlebT daexmaroT sakuTar Tavsac da Tqven warmoidgineT sxvasac. daukavSirdiT koalicias 356609 koba nadiraZes an koaliciis sxva wevrebs. zogierTi wevri organizaciis sias ixilavT bolo gverdebze.

specialuri dosie/media da invalidoba/interviu

 

interviu piter ridkesTan

v  batono ratke, masobrivi sainformacio saSualebebi SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebs nakleb yuradRebas uTmoben. Tqven rogor TvliT, es imis bralia, rom sazogadoebas ar ainteresebs maTi cxovreba TuU ubralod, maTTan urTierTobebs gaurbis?

piter radtke: SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebis yoveldRiuri cxovreba izidavs da aocebs kidec sazogadoebas. magaliTad adamianebma araferi ician imis Sesaxeb Tu rogor SevZeli cxovrebaSi damkvidreba, isini gaocebuli miyureben rodesac manqanaSi vjdebi da verc ki warmoudgeniaT Cemi sruli datviTrviT muSaoba. Cven unda moveSvaT imaze fiqrs, TiTqos Cveni cxovreba ar ainteresebs sazogadoebas da SevecadoT rogorme SevamciroT arsebuli gamyofi zRvari Cvensa da im adamianebs Soris, romlebic dRes “Cveulebriv” adamianebad moiazrebian.

v  ABM amzadebs satelevizio gadacemebs, romelsac uSualod SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebi uZRvebian. rogor Sefasda es iniciativa telearxebSi momuSave profesionali Jurnalistebis mier?

piter radke: ABM  rogorc SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa da mediis warmomadgenelTa asociacia, TviTdafinansebaze myofi 16 jgufis saTao organizaciaa da 1983 wels bavariis mTavrobis inciativiT Seiqmna. misi  mTavari daniSnuleba iyo SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa Tematikaze Seeqmna tele-programa da miewodebina igi rogorc kerZo, ise saxelmwifo tele-arxebisaTvis.

Tavdapirvelad, Cven mxolod erTeulTa yuradReba davimsaxureT, radgan kerZo televiziebi jer kidev ganviTarebis sawyiss etapze imyofebodnen. kolegebi myaradmdgomi telearxebidan abuCadac ki gvigdebdnen, ragdan verc ki warmoedginaT, rom SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebi konkurentunariani programebis Seqmnas SeZlebdnen. SeiZleba, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT isini marTlebic iyvnen  magram SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebi porofesionalebi arian sakuTar sferoSi. maT ukeT ician TavianTi problemebi da profesionalebTan erToblivi muSaobiT maT mokle droSi iseTi gadacemebis momzadeba SeuZles, romelTa momzadebisTvisac sxvebs wlebi sWirdebaT. sabednierod, kritikosebs maleve mouwiaT Cvendami TavianTi  damokidebulebis Secvla. Cvenma gadacemebma sakmaod didi reitingi miiRo, rac TiTqmis araprognozirebadi iyo aseTi tipis gadacemebisaTvis. profesionalma kritikosebma araTu Sewyvites Cveni dacinva, aramed bevri ram gadaiRes kidec Cvengan.

v  da, mainc, Tqvenma romelma inciativam daimsaxura media profesionalebis gansakuTrebuli yuradReba?

piter radke: magaliTad, Cvenma patara satelevizio sadgurma pirvelad dauTmo gansxvavebulobis mqone wamyvanebs Tavisi ekrani. 1984-1985 wlebSi es revoluciis tolfasi qmedeba iyo. am dros musirebda azri, rom SezRudulobis mqone pirTa telegunds verasodes miiRebda auditoria. movlenaTa ganviTarebam ki cxadyo Tu rogor cdebodnen isini CvenTan mimarTebaSi.

v  rogor fiqrobT SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa xSirad gamoCena ekranze raime zemoqmedebas moaxdens sazogadoebaze?

piter radke: merwmuneT, mayurebeli ufro gonieria, vidre televiziis pasuxismgebel muSakTa gundi. Cven SevqmeniT dokumenturi filmebi SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis moqne adamianebis yoveldRiur cxovrebaze, romlebmac araerTi prizi da jildo daimsaxures. dReisaTvis ki ori kerZo da erTi saxelmwifo telearxis mflobelebi varT.  satelitis saSualebiT ki Cveni gadacemebis yureba SeiZleba evropis nebismier qveyanaSi. simarTle giTxraT, namdvilad ar vici, axdens Tu ara zemoqmedebas Cveni gadacemebi sazogadoebaze, magram kargad vici, rom ukeTesi saSualeba dRes ar gagvaCnia, riTac SegviZlia lobireba gavuwioT Cvens saqmes. Cven unda gadavlaxoT  nebismieri Semxvedri barieri. “uxilavi” moqalaqeebidan Cven unda viqceT “xilulebad” da Tu Cveni Tanamoqalaqeebi ar movlen CvenTan stumrad, Cven unda vewvioT maT saxlebSi.

v  Tqvenis azriT, romeli gzaa warmatebis sawindari?

piter radke: warmatebamde ramdenime sakiTxi gvaqvs mosagvarebeli: upirvelesad, namdvil media profesionalebad unda CamovyalibdeT. amisaTvis ki saWiroa saTanado kanonebisa da moTxovnilebebis Seswavla. kanoni Tu ar ici, mas sasikeTod ver gamoiyeneb, ramdenime radio da telemauwyeblobis arseboba, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebs, SesaZleblobas aZlevs namdvil, karg Jurnalistebad Camoyalibdnen. Cven unda gavafarTovoT mosamzadebeli qseli. meored, Cven unda SevqmnaT Sereuli JurnalistTa evropuli qseli, romelsac SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa samsaxurSi CavayenebT, da romelic xels Seuwyobs gamocdilebis urTierTgaziarebasa da mWidro kontaqtebis damyarebas.

qsels unda hyavdes evropis pres-saagentos sakuTari korespodentebi msoflios yvelaze mniSvnelovan regionebSi. me kargad vacnobiereb, rom es sakmaod rTuli da grZeli gzaa, magram Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, es yvelaze realuri xedvaa SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa sakiTxebis adekvaturi gadawyvetisaTvis.

damoukidebeli cxovreba

statistikis Tanaxmad SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone adamianTa ricxvi planetis mosaxleobis daaxloebiT meaTeds Seadgens. TumcaRa, adamianTa ricxobrivad esoden mniSvnelovani jgufi bevr qveyanaSi im umciresobas warmoadgens, romelTa uflebebi da interesebi ratomRac ignorirebulia umravlesobis mier. aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi, demokratiulad ganaTlebul qveynebSi batonobda azri, TiTqos SezRudulobis mqone adamianebi usaTuo meurveobas saWiroeben. am qveynebSi, meoce saukunis dasawyisSi tradiciad iqca saxelmwifo da kerZo saqvelmoqmedo saqmianoba.  

amavdroulad, demokratiul qveynebSi, SezRudulobis mqone adamianTa moZraoba sakuTari uflebebis dasacavad TandaTan Zalas ikrebda da amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi Camoyalibda filosofia “damoukidebel cxovreba”-ze. bevr qveyanaSi SezRudulobis mqone adamianebma Tanasworuflebianobas da sakuTari mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas miaRwies, isargebles ra 60-70-iani wlebis, manamde ararsebuli socialuri da politikuri aqtiuroba.

moZraoba “damoukidebeli cxovrebisaTvis” sxva qveynebSic gavrcelda. am qveynebSi is iZenda im damatebiT niuansebs, romlebic am qveynebis tradiciebsa da sazogadoebriv ganviTarebas axasiaTebda. Tumca am ideologiisa ZiriTadi debulebebi – Tavisufali arCevanis ufleba, TviTdaxmareba, TviTSemecneba, sakuTari uflebebis dacva _ yvela qveyanisTvis saerToa.

damoukidebeli cxovrebis filosofia

e. n. kimi

SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone adamians Tanabari ufleba aqvs monawileoba miiRos sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferoSi. Tanabari uflebebis ganxorcieleba ki socialuri samsaxuris sistemam unda uzrunvelyos.

TavisTavad SezRuduloba ar aris samedicino problema, es aris problema – araTanabari SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb, es aris SesaZleblobaTa SezRudva, romelic gamowveulia fizikuri, fsiqologiuri sensoruli, kulturuli, sakanonmdeblo da sxva winaaRmdegobebiT, romleic adamians ar aZlevs sazogadoebaSi integrirebis saSualebas.  sazogadoeba valdebulia, xeli Seuwyos fizikuri SezRudulobis mqone pirTa arsebul      sazogadoebriv standartebTan adaptirebas. rac maT damoukidebeli cxovrebis saSvalebas miscems.  

konceptualuri mniSvnelobiT - “damoukidebeli cxovreba” or urTierTdakavSirebul sakiTxs moiazrebs.

socialur – politikuri mniSvnelobiT,  damoukidebeli cxovreba – es aris adamianis ufleba iyos sazogadoebis ganuyofeli nawili da aqtiuri monawileoba miiRos socialur, politikur da ekonomikur procesebSi, es aris arCevanis Tavisufleba, sacxovrebel da sazogadoebriv SenobebSi, transportSi Tavisuflad SeRweva, kimunikaciis, dazRvevis, Sromis, ganaTlebis ufleba. da, bolos damoukidebeli cxovreba – es aris SesaZlebloba adamianma Tavad gansazRvros da airCios, miiRos gadawyvetileba da ganagos sakuTari cxovrebiseuli situaciebi.

socialur – politikuri mniSvnelobiT damoukidebeli cxovreba ar niSnavs   damokidebuli adamiani, aiZulo  sxvas daxmarebisTvis, mimarTos an icxovros damxmare saSualebebiT, romlebic aucilebelia misi fizikuri funqcionirebisaTvis.

damoukidebeli cxovreba, filosofiuri gagebiT – es aris azrovnebis wesi, pirovnebis fsiqologiuri orientacia, romelic dakavSirebulia meore pirovnebasTan urTierTobis, fizikur SesaZleblobebis garemo faqtorebis da daxmarebis samsaxuris sistemis ganviTarebis xarisxze.  damoukidebeli cxovrebis filosofia aZlevs  fizikuri SezRudulobis mqone adamians  orientirs,  iseTive amocanebi, daisaxos rogorc amas gaakeTebs sazogadoebis nebismieri sxva wevri.

sazogadoebaSi,  CvenT damokidebuli varT erTmaneTze. Cven damokidebuli varT xabazze, romelic acxobs purs, damokidebuli varT mewaReze da mkeravze, fostalionze da tele operatorze. TiToeuli zemoCamoTvlili adamiani damokidebulia eqimze an maswavlebelze. magram es damokidebuleba ar gvarTmevs Cven arCevanis Tavisuflebas.

Tu Tqven kerva ar iciT  maRaziaSi an atelieSi, midixarT, Tu uTs SekeTebis dro da surviliO ar gaqvT,  midixarT saxelosnoSi da Tqveni gadawyvetileba isev  damokidebuli xdeba Tqven survilebsa da garemoebebze. 

sazogadoebis infrastruqturaSi, socialuri samsaxuris sistemis CarTva, fizikuri SezRudulobis mqone adamians saSualebas miscems moaxdinos delegireba da SezRudulobis miuxedavad  gaxdes sazogadoebis srulfasovani warmomadgeneli,  damoukideblad miiRoos gadawyvetilebebi da aiRos pasuxismgebloba Tavis iseT moqmedebaze, romelsac sargebloba moaqvs saxelmwifosaTvis. swored, aseTi samsaxurebi SeZleben SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone adamianTa gaTavisuflebas garemo pirobebis, garSemomyofTa damamcirebeli adamianuri Rirsebis Semlaxavi gavlenisagan da amiT gamoaTavisufleben fasdaudebel adamianur resursebs (mSobelebis, naTesavebis) Tavisufali SromisaTvis, romelic sasargeblo iqneba misTvis, ojaxisTvis, sazogadoebisaTvis da saxelmwifosavis.

ra aris damoukidebeli cxovreba ?

damoukidebeli cxovreba - es aris ufleba da SesaZlebloba Tavad airCio U rogor icxovro. es niSnavs icxovro ise, rogorc cxovroben sxvebi, gqondes SesaZlebloba Tavad gadawyvito ra akeTo, vis Sexvde, da sad waxvide,   qmedebebSi SezRuduli iyo mxolod im xarisxiT, rogorc is adamianebi romelTac ara aqvT fizikuri SezRudva. es niSnavs, rom Secdomis daSvebis  uflebac iseve gaqvT  rogorc sxvebs.

imisTvis, rom  SezRudulobis mqone adamiani namdvilad gaxdes damoukidebli, uamravi winaaRmdegobebis da barierebis daZleva sWirdeba. aseTi winaaRmdegoba SeiZleba iyos aSkara (fizikuri) da faruli (adamianTa damokidebuleba). winaaRmdgobebis daZleviT SeiZle miaRwioT uamrav warmatebas sakuTari interesebis dasacavad -  es iqneba pirveli nabiji,  srulfasovani cxovrebisaken, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, iyo sazogadoebis aqtiuri wevri da srulfasovani  monawileoba miiRo sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, SeZloT muSaoba, gaxdeT damqiravebeli, meuRle, mSobeli, sportsmeni, politikosi da bolos, gadasaxadebis gadamxdeli.

damoukidebeli cxovrebis filosofia farTo speqtrSi, warmoadgens moZraobas, romelic mimarTulia msoflioSi milionobiT SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone adamianis samoqalaqo uflebebis dacvisaken.

es aris protestis talRa, romelic mimarTulia SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg,  mxardaWera maTi uflebebis dasacavad da Cveni sazogadoebis mxridan maTi sixarulis, SesaZleblobebis da pasuxismgeblobebis gaziareba.

 Ddamoukidebeli cxovreba, rogorc filosofia mTel msoflioSi ganixileba, rogorc Tavisufali arCevanis ufleba. Ees niSnavs Tavad akontrolo sakuTari cxovreba da yoveldRiur saqmianobaSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas minimumamde daiyvano sxvebze damokidebuleba. Ees cneba moicavs_sakuTari qmedebebis kontrols  da sazogadoebis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi monawileobas, rigi socialuri rolebis Sesrulebas da gadwyvetilebebis miRebas, romlebic mimarTulia TviTSemecnebisaken, sxvebze fsiqologiuri da fizikuri damokidebulebis Semcirebisaken. Ddamoukidebloba pirobiTi cnebaa da mas yvela Taviseburad ganmartavs.      

damoukidebeli cxovrebis filosofia naTlad ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisgan izolaciaSi azrs moklebul cxovrebasa da aqtiur sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi miRebul siamovnebas.

gamoCenili adamianebi

klaudia birgmani

 helen keleris winamorbedi

 

amerikaSi, nebismier moswavles rom kiTxoT, vin iyo smenadaqveiTebuli da usinaTlo gogona, romelmac pirveli sityvebi maswavleblis “xelebis” (Jestikulaciis) daxmarebiT warmoTqva pasuxad aucileblad gaigonebT elen keleris saxels, arada igi amerikis avanscenaze mxolod me-19 saukunis 80 – iani wlebis dasasruls gamoCnda, da mas “meore klaudia birgmans” uwodebdnen. elen keleris winamorbedi ki naxevari saukuniT adre, 1829 wels dabadebuli laura brigmani iyo. is iyo pirveli bavSvi, romelsac erTdroulad smenac da mxedvelobac daqveiTebuli qonda, magram man mainc SeZlo laparaki.

Tavis droze elen keleris msgavsad lauramac aRafrTovana msoflio, megobrebi, lauras msgavsad, erTmaneTs JestebiT esaubrebodnen, kiTxulobdnen da werdnen. misi ganaTleba samecniero traqtatebisa da saskolo poeziis sagnad iqca. 1840 wels isic ki iTqva, rom masze cnobili qali mxolod dedofali viqtoria Tu iyoo.

rodesac laura brigmanis varskvlavi minelda, swored maSin gamoCnda elen keleri da aTasobiT mematianis STagonebis wyarod iqca. elen keleris gamoCenidan brigmanis Sesaxeb 1903 wlamde sityvac aRar Tqmula.

1991 wels erest fribergma laura brigmanis cxovrebiseuli detalebis Seswavla daiwyo, misi mTavari interesi imaSi mdgomareobda, Tu ra zegavlenas moaxdenda brigmanis istoria im ganzomilebaze, rasac adamianis cnobiereba hqvia.

laura brigmanis istoria ki ase daiwyo:

pensilvaniis q. hanoverSi mcxovrebi fermerebis ojaxSi 2 wlis gogonas wiTela Seeyara, romelmac ara mxolod mxedvelobisa da smenis refleqtorebi aramed ynosvisa da gemos SegrZnebebic dauziana. male mas  is ramdenime sityva, daaviwyda romelic icoda. Samuel houvim laura brigmani 7 wlis asakSi aRmoaCina im dros gogonam isic ki ar icoda, rom mas saxeli erqva.

gogonas mxolod ramdenime Jestis meSveobiT SeeZlo komunikaciis damyareba, isic maSin roca saqme saWmelsa da Zils exeboda. mSoblebi bavSvTan kontaqts mxolod taSis SemokvriTa da uSvald xelis SexebiT amyarebdnen. amgvarma damokidebulebam mas garkveuli refleqsebi gamoumuSava. gogonam iswavla qcevis wesebi, qsovda, keravda da saojaxo saqmianobaSic exmareboda dedas. im droisaTvis mis ganaTlebaze saubaric ki zedmeti iyo. misi fizikuri momacemebis bavSvebs “idiotebad” da “gonebaCamorCenil araadamianebad” Tvlidnen, magram Samuel houvis sjeroda, rom es Sefaseba mcdari iyo da xilul SesaZleblobaTa miRma ufro meti imaleboda.

man daarwmuna gogonas mSoblebi, rom patara laura mis mier dafuZnebul bostonis usinaTloTa skolaSi gadaeyvanaT. Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom gogonam ar icoda sad iyo da ras upirebdnen mainc panikaSi Cavardnili tiroda da dedas efareboda, Tumca male SeeCvia iqaurobas da, rogorc mogvianebiT eqimma hovim acnoba mis mSoblebs,  gogona iseTive laRi da bednieri iyo, rogorc patara Citi.

samuel gridli houvi iyo eqimi da dauRalavi social_reformatori, igi altruizmiT, karierizmiTa da klasobrivi cnobierebis SeswavliT daavadebul reformatori Sotlandiuri jansaRi azrovnebis filosofias eyrdnoboda da Hsjeroda, rom  samyaros im informaciis saSualebiT vecnobiT romelsac Cveni SegrZnebis refleqtorebi gvawvdian, rom gonebrivi SesaZleblobebi amouwuravia, rom RmerTma adamianebi daajildova gansakuTrebuli unarebiT da laurasac, rogorc yvelas, hqonda sametyvelo organo, romelic  Tavis gasaRebs eloda.

houvma lauras ramdenime Jestis sakomunikacio formad gadakeTeba SeZlo. paralelurad cdilobda gogonasaTvis eswavlebina komunikaciis damyareba sityvebis meSveobiT. sityvebi zustad esadageboda houvis mier gamogonil primitiul niSnebsa da abstraqciebs, rac lauras saSualebas aZlevda Tavi sazogadoebis srulyofil wevrad egrZno. houvi da lidia drou, gogonas  axali maswavlebeli amzadebdnen qaRaldis saniSneebs misakravi asoebiT, romelic aRniSnavda iseT sagnebs rogoricaa kari, magida, sawoli da sxva. lauras am niSnebis saTanado adgilas mikvras aswavlidnen. Tavdapirvelad, gogonas uWirda maswavleblis mier SemoTavazebuli savarjiSos gameoreba, magram ramdenime dReSi moaxerxa sityvebsa da nivTebs Soris urTieTkavSiris damyareba. male is  didi siamovnebiT akravda oTaxSi mdgom yvela skams saTanado saniSnebs.

Semdeg maswavleblebma sityvebi calkeul asoebad dayves da anaxes  rogor SeiZleboda asoTa gadanacvlebiT sxvasaxva mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebis miReba. man gaacnobiera, rom am niSnebis saSualebiT mas SeeZlo imis gadmocema, rac surda. rodesac qalbatoni driu TiTebiT warmoTqmas aswavlida, laura aRfrTovanebas ver malavda imis gamo, rom mas SeeZlo komunikaciis damyareba sxva adamianebTan.

rac ufro mets swavlobda laura, miT ufro metis Semecnebis survili uCndeboda. sami Tvis manZilze man asi arsebiTi saxeli Seiswavla da Semdeg zmnebis Seswavlas Seudga. erTi wlis Semdeg, mas SeeZlo komunikaciis damyareba martivi winadadebebis meSveobiT, xolo ori wlis Semdeg, werac daiwyo. 12 wlisa is ukve moTxrobebs werda, swavlobda geografiasa da maTematikas.

gogona suliTxorcamde Tavis eqims ekuTvnoda, am ukanasknels igi Svilad miaCnda, Tumca, sxvebisTvis laura misi ideebis xorcSesxmis saukeTeso nimuSi iyo. “gardauvali sikvdilisagan xsna”,  werda qalbatoni giteri am faqtze. “es iyo  “ukvdavi sulis” gamZleobisa, gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis ukideganobisa da progresuli ganaTlebis gardasaxviTi Zalisxmevisa saukeTeso magaliTi”.

houvis strategiuli sazogadoebrivi kampaniis wyalobiT gogona sayovelTao yuradRebis centrSi moeqca. xalxi aRfrTovanebuli iyo “am  saocrebiT”. houvis wliuri raportebi lauras progresis Sesaxeb ibeWdeboda gazeTebSi, Jurnalebsa da sabavSvoA wignebSi. patara gogonebi TavianT Tojinebs saxelad “lauras” arqmevdnen.  1842 wels lauras cnobili ingliseli nobelianti Carlz dikensic ewvia.  “amerikuli Canaxatebi” Semdeg, romelSic mwerali lauras Sesaxeb werda, gogonam turistebis didi yuradRebac miipyro. Yyovelkvira asobiT adamiani midioda patara, lamazi lauras sanaxavad, romelic avtografebs urigebda maT. Tvalebi velvetis mwvane saxveviT hqonda axveuli, raTa isiniA mnaxvelTa uadgilo cnobismoyvareobisagan daecva.

mTeli Semdgomi  cxovreba laura doqtor houvis mier daarsebul skolaSi saqmianobda. is ZiriTadad sameurneo saqmeebiT iyo dakavebuli da paralelurad maswavleblebs bavSvebis swavlebaSi exmareboda. laura brigmani 1889 wlis 24 maiss gardaicvala.

elen keleris cxovreba

 

 “elen keleri ukuni sibnelis pirmSo gaxldaT, romelmac sxvisi TvalebiTaA da yurebiT SeZlo samyaros aRmoCena”. es citata elenis maswavlebels ekuTvnis.

elen keleri daibada 1880 wlis 27 ivliss, alabamaSi. Mmamisi iyo konfederaciis jaris  kapitani, romelic garkveuli periodi yovelkvireuli axali ambebis gamoSvebas uZRveboda da mogvianebiT amerikis marSalic gaxda. elenis deda aRizarda memfisis socialur garemoSi. col-qmari tipiuri samxreTelebi iyvnen.

eleni  saocrad naTeli da cocxali bavSvi iyo.  magram 19 Tvis asakSi igi maRali sicxeebis gamo ramdenime kvira sikvdil-sicocxles ebrZoda. amis gamo smena da mxedveloba dauqveiTda.  eqimebma es “tvinis anTebas” daabrales.  rodesac patara eleni gamomjobinda, mSoblebma es RvTis wyalobad miiRes, Tumca, dedam maleve SeamCnia, rom gogonas xmebze aranairi reaqcia ar hqonda  da win mdgom sagnebsac advilad ejaxeboda. Semdgomi wlebi saSinlad mZime aRmoCnda elenasa da misi ojaxis wevrebisaTvis: bavSvi ZneladaRsazrdeli gaxda. is, praqtikulad, aterorebda ojaxs, amsxvrevda da angrevda yvelafers.

elens sinaTlis Sesaxeb erTgvari warmosaxviTi maxsovroba SerCa. amavedroulad, kargad axsovda avadmyofobamde warmoTqmuli sityva “vah” (misTvis wyals niSnavda), rac misi metyvelebis samyaros erTaderTi gasaRebi iyo.

“ar maxsovs ras vgrZnobdi, roca TvalebSi ukuni Camidga. me vfiqrobdi, albaT mudam sibnele iyo-Tqo da mikvirda kidec, ratom ar dgeboda dRe” -- ixsenebda elen keleri.

7 wlis iyo gogona, rodesac mSoblebma vaSingtonSi eqim graham belTan miiyvanes. is saukeTeso specialistad iTvleboda smenadaqveiTebul bavSvTa ganaTlebis saqmeSi. belma mSoblebs bostonSi perkinis skola urCia, saidanac gogonas maswavlebeli auyvanes. ana sulivani, romelic SemdgomSi anad moixseniebden, 1887 wlis martSi, elenis ojaxSi aRmzrdelad iwyebs muSaobas.

yvelaze rTuli is iyo  rom elens ukve hqonda TavisiT naswavli 60-mde Jesti, romelTac igi survilebis gamosaxatad an adamianebis amosacnobad iyenebda. gogonas ar surda damorCileboda mawavlebels da  komunikaciisaTvis Seqmnili sakuTari niSnebis garda arafris swavla ar surda. amitom, maswavlebels  xSirad uwevda misi dasja.

- naTlad vxedavdi, rom gogonas verafers Sevaswavlidi, manam sanam  morCilebas ar vaswavlidi. rac ufro mets vfiqrobdi, miT ufro metad vwrmundebodi, rom morCileba saukeTeso gza iyo bavSvis gonebaSi codnisa da siyvarulis dasamkvidreblad _ ixsenebda ana sulivani.

rogorc ki misi damorCileba moaxerxa, maSinve daiwyo TiTebis saSualebiT elenis xelebSi sagnebis saxelebis damarcvla. gogonam uceb auRo alRo damarcvlis teqnologias magram, am process mxolod TamaSad aRiqvamda da, amitom, maT ver ukavSirebda konkretuli  sagnebis dasaxelebas. Tumca, elenis saqcieli ukve marTavadi gaxda, magram gogona jer kidev ver gebulobda sityvebis mniSvnelobebs.

wyali - komunikaciis damyarebis erTaderTi saSualeba. elenma iswavla sityva wyali da Wiqa. magram is jer kidev ver akavSirebda am saxelwodebebs siTxesTan da misTvis gankuTvnil WurWelTan. bolos, rodesac isini  wyalsadeni milis dasaxlebas marcvlavdnen, elenma rogorRac gaiazra, rom siTxe, romelic  milidan modis aris wyali.

im diliT gogonam bednier feriad gaiRviZa, xan ras ecemoda, xan ras da yvelafris saxels kiTxulobda. wina saRamos, rodesac me Cems sawol oTaxSi viyavi, movida da makoca megona,  sixarulisagan guli gamiskdeboda - werda ana.

7 wlis asakSi gogonam ukve asobiT sityvis dasaxeleba icoda da martivi sityvebis Camoyalibebac SeeZlo. misi komunikaciis saSualeba, umetesad TiTebiT kontaqtis damyareba iyo. ukve kargad icoda asoebis formebic. imave zafxuls daiwyo asoebis werac da brailis anbanic.

gazafxulze, 8 wlis eleni anasTan erTad bostonSi, perkinsis skolaSi saswavleblad gaeSura. elens saocari SesaZleblobebi aRmoaCnda da misi Semecnebis unaric erTiorad gaizarda. is swrafad swavlobda da saocari maxsovrobiTac gamoirCeoda. mas aseTi SesaZleblobebis gamo “saocari bavSvic” ki Searqves.

gogonam male ucxo enebis Seswavlac daiwyo. is swavlobda rogorc laTinur, ise germanul da frangul enebs. 9 wlis asakSi, elenma laparakis Seswavla daiwyo.  metyvelebis gakveTilebs utarebda sara fuleri. pirvelad, gogonam xmovnebis warmoTqma Seiswavla, mere ki Tanxmovnebis. 

Tavdapirvelad elenis saubari rTuli gasagebi iyo. mas wlebi dasWirda imisaTvis, rom misi saubari yvelasaTvis gasagebi gamxdariyo. rogorc ki gogonam metyveleba daiwyo, maSinve Seudga TiTebis saSualebiT tuCebze sityvebis kiTxvis tenqologiis Seswavlas. es iyo komunikaciis axali saSualeba, romelic elenma swrafad aiTvisa.

elenma mTeli Tavisi cxovreba sxvebis daxmarebas Sealia. mas zRva energia hqonda. bevri aRniSnavda mis keTilSobilebas, enTuziazms da sulgrZelobas. mas saukeTeso maswavleblebi hyavda da TviTonac saukeTesod gadascemda. elens msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi uamravi megobari hyavda. mas arasdros daukargavs Tanadgomis grZnoba umweo da gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebisadmi.

werilebi, werilebi, werilebi – eleni uzomod bevr werils werda. jer kidev bavSobis wlebSi, werisadmi mis aseT midrekilebas missive zebunebriv niWs miawerdnen, romelsac is uzomod iyenebda. qaRaldis nagleji misi  msofliosTan komunikaciis ZiriTadi iaraRi iyo.

elenma kelerma saSualo skolis damTavrebisTanave, swavlis gagrZeleba kolejSi moindoma. bevri ambobda, rom iq swavla Zalze rTuli iyo, magram gogonam  amerikis radkliferis kolejis misaRebi gamocdebic Caabara da 1904 wels, warmatebiT damTavrebis diplomic miiRo. igi iyo pirveli smenadaqveiTebuli da usianTlo adamiani, romelmac umaRlesi ganaTleba miiRo.

swavlebis periodSi, ”qalTa saojaxo JurnalisaTvis”, elenma dawera wigni ”Cemi cxovrebis gza”. es wigni 1903 wels gamoica. marTalia is bestselerad ver iqca, magram klasikur qmnilebad mainc SemorCa istorias.

1913 wels gamoica misi Semdegi wigni saxelwodebiT ”sibnelis gareSe”. es iyo mTeli seria eseebisa, romelic socializms miuZRvna da misi zegavlena elenis sazogadoebriv statusze ganuzomeli aRmoCnda. im drosaTvis yvelasaTvis cnobili gaxda elenis politikuri xedva.

elen keleri 14 wignisa da uamravi statiis avtori iyo. usinaTloTaA saxeliT is  leqciebs kiTxulobda mTel msoflioSi: iaponiaSi, avstraliaSi, samxreT amerikaSi, evropasa Tu afrikaSi da yvelasTvis sayvarel qalbatonad iqca. misi mogzaurobis mTavari mizani iyo imedi  da keTili neba Caesaxa msoflios milionobiT SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone adamianisaTvis.

1953 wels misi cxovrebis Sesaxeb gadaiRes filmi saxelwodebiT “daumarcxebeli”, romelsac akademiis mier saukeTeso dokumenturi filmis wodeba mieniWa.

1961 wlis oqtomberSi elens janmrTeloba gauuaresda, ramac misi aqtiuri sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis Sewyveta gamoiwvia. Tumca, misi cxovrebis bolo wlebs namdvilad ar Cauvlia sasiamovno movlenebis gareSe. 1964 wels elens prezidentma lindon jonsonma umaRlesi samoqalaqo jildo – prezidentis saxelobis Tavisuflebis medali uboZa, erTi wlis Semdeg ki niu-iorkSi qalTa sapatio darbazis wevrad iqna arCeuli.

elen keleri gardaicvala 1968 wlis 1 ivniss arkan rigze.

(rubrika – kanoni)

SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTaTvis  Tanabari SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelyofis standartuli wesebi

gaero 1993

I.      Tanabaruflebiani monawileobis winapirobebi

wesi 1. problemis arsSi Cawvdoma

saxelmwifoebma zomebi unda miiRon, raTa sazogadoeba Cawvdes SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa mdgomareobas, uflebebs, moTxovnebsa da maT wvlils.

wesi 2. samedicino momsaxureba

saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa efeqturi samedicino momsaxureba

wesi 3. reabilitacia

saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTaTvis  sareabilitacio momsaxurebis SeTavazeba, raTa maT saSualeba mieceT miaRwion damoukideblobisa da sicocxlisunarianobis optimalur dones da mis SenarCunebas.

wesi 4. damxmare momsaxureba

saxelmwifoebma SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebi unda uzrunvelyon damxmare momsaxurebiT. maT unda miewodoT damxmare mowyobilobebic, raTa SesZlon yoveldRiurobaSi TavianTi damoukideblobis donis amaRleba da uflebebis gamoyeneba.

II. miznobrivi dargebi Tanabari SesaZleblobebis Sesaqmnelad

wesi 5. xelmisawvdomoba

saxelmwifoebma unda aRiaron sazogadoebis cxovrebis yvela sferoSi SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa Tanabari SesaZleblobebis Seqmnis mniSvneloba. saxelmwifoebma unda: a] ganaxorcielon samoqmedo programebi, raTa  SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTaTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdes materialuri garemo; da b] miiRon zomebi, raTa uzrunvelyon maTTvis informaciiTa da komunikaciebiT sargeblobis SesaZlebloba.

wesi 6. ganaTleba

saxelmwifoebma, dawyebiT saSualo da umaRlesi ganaTlebis dargSi, unda aRiaron Tanabar saSualebaTa principi im bavSvebis, mozardTa da axargazrdebisaTvis, romlebic SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebad iTvlebian. maT unda uzrunvelyon is, rom SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa ganaTleba zogadi ganaTlebis ganuyofeli nawili iyos.

wesi 7. dasaqmeba

saxelmwifoebma unda SeimuSaon principi, romlis Sesabamisad SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebs saSualeba miecemaT ganaxorcielon TavianTi adamianis uflebebi, gansakuTrebiT dasaqmebis sferoSi, rogorc qalaqSi iseve soflad maT unda hqondeT Tanabari SesaZleblobebi, rom Sromis bazarze TavinTi nayofieri saqmianobiT daagrovon sakuTari Semosavali.

wesi 8. Semosavlebis dacva da socialuri uzrunvelyofa

saxelmwifoebi pasuxismgebelni arian socialurad uzrunvelyon SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebi da daicvan maTi Semosavlebi.

wesi 9. ojaxuri cxovreba da pirovnebis Tavisufleba

saxelmwifoebma unda gauwion daxmareba SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebs, rom maT srulad miiRon monawileoba ojaxur cxovrebaSi. saxelmwifoebma unda daicvan SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa piradi Tavisufleba da kanoniT uzrunvelyon isini, raTa ar moxdes SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa uflebebis SezRudva sqesobriv urTierTobaSi, qorwinebaSi, dedobasa da mamobaSi.

wesi 10. kultura

saxelmwifoebi valdebulebi arian uzrunvelyon SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa kulturul cxovrebaSi Cabma da Tanasworuflebiani monawileobis SesaZleblobis Seqmna.

wesi 11. dasveneba da sporti

saxelmwifoebma, dasvenebasa da sportSi monawileobisaTvis, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebs unda Seuqmnan Tanabari SesaZleblobebi.

wesi 12. religia

saxelmwifoebma xeli unda Seuwyon im RonisZiebebis gatarebas, romlebic mimarTuli iqneba SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa Tanabaruflebiani monawileobisaken TavianTi Temis religiur cxovrebaSi.

III. ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebani

wesi 13. informacia da kvleva

saxelmwifoebi TavianT Tavze iReben ZiriTad pasuxismgeblobas SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa sacxovrebeli pirobebis Sesaxeb informaciis Segroveba-gavrcelebaze da xels uwyoben yovelmxrivi kompleqsuri kvlevebis Catarebas im dabrkolebaTa CaTvliT, romlebic arTuleben SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa cxovrebas.

wesi 14. politikis SemuSaveba da dagegmva

saxelmwifoebi SeimuSaveben da uzrunvelyofen, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa mimarT, politikis gatarebas da uzrunvelyofen erovnuli gegmebis yvela aspeqtis aRnusxvas.

wesi 15. kanonmdebloba

saxelmwifoebi pasuxismgebelni arian, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTaTvis, Seqmnan Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi, raTa uzrunvelyon maTi sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi monawileoba da Tanasworuflebianoba.

wesi 16. ekonomikuri politika

saxelmwifoebi kisruloben finansur pasuxismgeblobas, raTa SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTaTvis ganaxorcielon erovnuli programebi da RonisZiebebi, romlebic mimarTuli iqneba maTTvis Tanabari SesaZleblobis miniWebisaken.

wesi 17. saqmianobis koordinacia

saxelmwifoebi valdebulni arian Seqmnan da ganamtkicon erovnuli sakoordinacio komitetebi an analogiuri organoebi, raTa isini gamoiyenon SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli sakoordinacio centrebis Sesaqmnelad.

wesi 18. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebTa organizaciebi

saxelmwifoebma unda scnon SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa organizaciebis is ufleba, rom maT erovnul, regionul da adgilobriv doneebze warmoadginon SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebi. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa Sesaxeb sakiTxebis ganxilvisas saxelmwifoebma, aseve unda scnon SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa organizaciebis sakonsultacio roli.

wesi 19. personalis momzadeba

saxelmwifoebi pasuxismgebelni arian SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTaTvis  gankuTvnili programebis damuSavebasa da ganxorcilebaSi monawile yvela donis personalis saTanado momzadebaze.

wesi 20. programebis erovnuli kontroli da Sefaseba

standartuli wesebis Sesrulebis dros

saxelmwifoebi pasuxismgebelni arian, ganuwyvetliv akontrolon da Seafason SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTaTvis Tanabari SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelsayofad dawesebuli erovnuli programebi da SeTavazebuli momsaxureba.

wesi 21. teqnikuri da ekonomikuri TanamSromloba

saxelmwifoebi, rogorc ganviTarebuli aseve ganviTarebadi, pasuxismgeblobas iReben Caataron RonisZiebebi da iTanamSromlon ganviTarebad qveynebSi SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa cxovrebis gasaumjobeseblad.

wesi 22. saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba

saxelmwifoebi aqtiur monawileobas miiReben saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobaSi, im politikis gatarebisaTvis, romelic mimarTulia SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa Tanabari SesaZleblobebis Seqmnis uzrunvelyofisken.

saqarTvelos kanoni

saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsSi

damatebebis Setanis Sesaxeb

muxli 1. saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsSi

(saqarTvelos ssr uwyebani #12, 1984 w. mux. 421) Setanil iqnas Semdegi damatebebi:

1. kodeqss daematos Semdegi Sinaarsis 178[1] da 178[2] muxlebi:

`muxli 1781. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebisaTvis kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili pirobebis Sedgenisagan Tavis arideba.

SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebis sacxovrebeli, sazogadoebrivi da sawarmoo SenobebiT, transportiTa da satransporto komunikaciebiT, kavSirgabmulobisa da informaciis saSualebebiT sargeblobisaTvis, agreTve, Tavisufali adaadgilebisaTvis auculebeli pirobebis Seqmnisagan Tavis arideba, -

gamoiwvevs dajarimebas 300-dan 500 laramde.

muxli 1782 obieqtebis daproeqtebisa da mSeneblobisas SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa saWiroebebisa da moTxovnilebebis gauTvaliswinebloba

dasaxelebuli punqtebis daproeqteba da ganaSenianeba, sacxovrebeli raionebis formireba, saproeqto gadawyvetilebebis SemuSaveba, SenobaTa da nagebobaTa mSenebloba da rekonstruqcia am obieqtebis SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa saWiroebebisa da moTxovnilebebisadmi misadagebis gareSe, -

gamoiwvevs dajarimebas 500-dan 800 laramde~.

muxli 2. am kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 1781 muxli amoqmeddes 2003 wlis 1 dekembridan. saqarTvelos aRmasrulebelma xelisuflebam 2003 wlis 1 noembramde uzrunvelyos am muxlis amoqmedebasTan dakavSirebuli salicenzio, sanebarTvo pirobebisa da sxva Sesabamisi saxelmwifo standartebis gansazRvrisaTvis aucilebeli RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba.

muxli 3. es kanoni amoqmeddes gamoqveynebidan me-15 dRes.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi cvlilebebisa da

damatebebis Setanis Sesaxeb

muxli 1. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi (`saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne~ I nawili, 1999 weli #41(48). mux. 209) Setanil iqnes Semdegi cvlilebebi da damatebebi:

muxli 1422. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa uflebebis SezRudva

1. invalidobis motiviT SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTaTvis kanoniT an/da saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT miniWebuli uflebis ganxorcielebaze uaris Tqma, ramac arsebiTad xelyo misi ufleba, -

isjeba jarimiT an Tavisuflebis SezRudviT vadiT sam wlamde an/da Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT imave vadiT.

2. igive qmedeba, Cadenili:

a)   araerTgzis;

b)  samsaxureobrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT;

c)  rasac Tan axlda Zaladoba an Zaladobis gamoyenebis muqara;

d)  ramac mZime Sedegi gamoiwvia,-

isjeba jarimiT an Tavisuflebis SezRudviT vadiT xuT wlamde an Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT imave vadiT”

 es kanoni amoqmeddes gamoqveynebidan me-15 dRes

saqarTvelos prezidenti    eduard SevardnaZe 

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