ქალი–ინვალიდი და რეალობა

gardamavali periodis problemebis pirispir

 Sesavali

saqarTveloSi mimdinare ekonomikurma krizisma gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareobaSi moaqcia sazogadoebis iseTi daucveli fenebi, rogorcaa xandazmulebi, iZulebiT gadaadgilebulni, invalidebi, martoxela dedebi da seriozulad daavadebulni. saqarTveloSi bevri dRvandeli dRiT cxovrobs.
Tumca saerTo fonze SeimCneva mdgomareobis mcireodeni gaumjobeseba, magram ara imaTTvis vinc saWiroebda da dResac saWiroebs socialur dacvas, miTufro maSin, rodesac isedac gausaZlis pirobebSi mcxovreb masebs moexsnaT saxelmwifos mxridan is mwiri daxmareba (SeRavaTebi) romelic dRemde hqondaT. amgvarma socialurma garemom, cxadia, gavlena iqonia sazogadoebaSi adamianur urTierTobebze, fsiqologiur klimatze, pirovnul gaucxoebaze, faseulobebisa, msxverplis qcevis, da stereotopis formirebaze. dRevandeli saSualo fuladi da arafuladi Semosavali sakmarisi ar aris, aramcTu Rirseuli cxovrebisTvis, aramed arsebobisaTvis. uTanasworobis koeficienti Zalian maRali da mzardia. mosaxleobis yvelaze Raribi jgufebi ibrZvian cxovrebis minimaluri donis SesanarCuneblad, socialuri daxmarebis arsebuli sistema ki araefeqturia da seriozul reformas saWiroebs.

erT-erTi yvelaze daucveli fena dRevandel saqarTveloSi invalidebi arian. mkafiod gamoxatuli suraTis arsebobis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos invalid qalTa saerTaSoriso asociaciam Caatara kvleva: fizikuri SezRudulobis mqone qalTa realuri mdgomareobas Sesaxeb. gamoica samenovani broSura “saqarTvelos invalidi qalebi, gardamavali periodis problemebis pirispir”. 

gamokvlevis zogadi aRwera

kvlevis mizania dadgindes fizikuri SezRudulobis mqone qalTa raodenoba da maT samedicino diagnozsa da cxovrebis wess Soris kavSiri. kvleva Catarda TbilisSi (vakisa da isnis, rogorc ekonomikurad gansxvavebuli raionebi) 344 da 300 regionebSi mcxovrebi fizikuri SezRudulobis mqone qalis (asaki – 18-dan 45 wlamde) gamokiTxvis safuZvelze.

gamokiTxva ar iyo anonimuri, igi gulisxmobda pirovnul identifikacias – saxeli gvari, misamarTi, invalidobis xarisxi da sxva saanketo monacemebis aRricxvas, rac SemdgomSi daedo safuZvlad kompiuteruli, mudam ganaxlebadi monacemTa bazis Seqmnas (Microsoft Access-is formatSi).

saanketo monacemebis garda, kvleva moicavs Semdeg sferoebs: ganaTleba, janmrTeloba da samedicino momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomloba; socialurida ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, yofiTi pirobebi; dasaqmeba; maTi SesaZleblobebi da interesebi; sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi monawileoba da sazogadoebasTan urTierToba; diskriminaciis faqtebi, politikuri aqtioba, socialuri Rirebulebebi da sxva.

 saerTo ekonomikuri gasaWiris fonze, invalidTa yofa gausaZlisia. Adamianebis am kategorias ar eZleva damoukidebeli cxovrebis saSualeba. cxadia Seqmnil fonze, ar iqneba moulodneli, Tu fizikuri SezRudulobis mqone qalebis mniSvnelovan nawils aReniSneba depresiuli foni, pasiuroba socialuri gaucxoveba. SezRudulia interesebis sfero.

aRsaniSnavia, rom gamokiTxulTa didi nawili varkeTili raionidan ufro met uaryofiT gancdebsa da Sefasebebs aRniSnavs sazogadoebis mxridan, vidre vakis. SesaZloa, es ganisazRvreba am ori raionis gansxvavebuli ekonomikuri mdgomareobiTa da gansxvavebuli socialuri Rirebulebebis foniT. 

 aRiniSneba aseve dabali uflebrivi TviTSegneba, dabali TviTSefaseba.

ekonomikuri mdgomareoba da sayofacxovrebo momsaxureba

respondentTa did nawils daniSnuli ar aqvs invalidobis pensia. Mmizezi: fizikuri SezRuduloba, fasiani samedicino komisia da sxva. am dros, es pensia metad mcirea – saSualod 12 lari – (12kg. puris, an 3kg. xorcis ekvivalentia) da, rogorc wesi, gaicema 3-14 Tvis dagvianebiT. sazogadoebrivi azris Sesaqmnelad puris kompensacias, ratomRac, pensia daerqva. es maSin, roca oficialuri monacemebiT 2000 wels saqarTveloSi saarsebo minimaluri samomxmareblo kalaTa Seadgens 100-120 lars, da kanoni saarsebo minimumis Sesaxeb, saerTod, ar arsebobs.  invalidi, romelic iRebs 12 lar pensias (puris kompensacias), Tu is amavdroulad muSaobs da Tundac 30 lar xelfass iRebs, pensia exsneba, radgan ara aqvs ufleba miiRos orive Tanxa. amgvarad, invalid qalTa bedi mTlianad damokidebulia gare daxmarebaze – saxelmwifosi iqneba es, Tu axloblebis. amgvari Semweobis gareSe darCenili umravlesobis bedi kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgas, TviT invalid qalTa arseboba, da ara maTi sazogadoebaSi, srulfasovani cxovreba. es ki im pirobebSi, roca saerTo ekonomikuri krizisa da usaxsroebis gamo ojaxTa umravlesobisTvis ukiduresad gaZnelda invalidi ojaxis wevris saWiroebebis uzrunvelyofa da maTi Senaxva. es kategoria mZime tvirTad iqca. amdenad,  gasakviri ar aris, rom invalid qalTa sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebis mdgomareoba savalaloa, xolo nawilisTvis katastrofuli. magaliTad: zogs sacxovrebel binaSi sveli wertilic ki ar gaaCnia.

ganaTleba da dasaqmeba

gamokiTxulTa naxevarze mets saSualo an saSualo specialuri ganaTleba gaaCniaT, xolo TiTqmis mesameds – umaRlesi. unda aRiniSnos, rom umaRlesi ganaTleba umravles SemTxvevaSi 1991 wlamde aqvT miRebuli, xolo sadReisod umaRlesi ganaTlebis miReba invalidi qalisTvis did sirTuleebTan aris dakavSirebuli. invalidTa mkurnaloba ekonomikuri siduxWiris gamo isedac Wirs, da isini ZiriTadad dasaqmebisa da Semosavlis Ziebaze arian orientirebulebi. miuxedavad amisa, fizikuri SezRudulobis mqone qalTa 91%-s ar gaaCniaT samuSao, da mxolod 8-9% ari dasaqmebuli. es ki im dros, roca mniSvnelovan nawils ZiriTadi profesiis garda meore specialobacaa aqvs aTvisebuli, 77%-ma icis ucxo ena, da 32% mzadaa kidev erTi specialoba aiTvisos.

janmrTelobis dacva

gansakuTrebiT savalalo mdgomareobaSia invalid qalTa samedicino momsaxurebis sfero. Cven saSualeba gvqonda samedicino momsaxurebis sakiTxi gangvexila dinamikaSi., anu amJamindeli suraTi Sedarebuliyo 10-15 wlis winandelTan. xazgasmiT gamoikveTa is cnobili faqti, rom bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi TbilisSi mcxovreb invalid qalTa samedicino momsaxureba da medikamentebiT uzrunvelyofa sagrZnoblad gauaresda, ise rom umravlesobas ar aqvs mkurnalobis saSualeba. gansxvavebiT Sesadarebel periodTan, saxelmwifo dRes praqtikulad aRar iRebs monawileobas invalidTa samedicino problemebis mogvarebaSi da es problemebi umravles SemTxvevcaSi Tavad invalidTa an maTi ojaxebis mosagvarebelia.

20%-s aqvs gaformebuli samedicino dazRvevis polisi, isic umravles SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifo sadazRvevo kompaniebSi, rac mas praqtikulad gamousadegarad xdis. amgvari polisis mflobelebi ver sargebloben polisiT gaTvaliswinebul momsaxurebas, radganac jandacvis saministrosadmi saxelmwifos mier gadauxdeli valis gamo, saavadmyofoebi uars acxadeben moemsaxuron invalidebs saxelmwifo polisis safuZvelze, damoukidebeli cxovrebis donis asawevad.

ara nakleb problematuria invalidebisTvis Rirseuli cxovrebis pirobebis Sesaqmnelad aucilebeli damxmare inventariT uzrunvelyofac (sainvalido savarZlebi, yavarjnebi, smenis aparatebi da sxva). mxolod 14% aris uzrunvelyofili amgvari inventariT, xolo did umravlesobas an saerTod ar gaaCnia es inventari, an maTs gankargulebaSi myofi inventari moZvelebulia an araa srulyofili. zogjer isec xdeba, rom mwoliare invalidi acxadebs, TiTqos da mas ar sWirdeba damxmare inventari, radganac man ar icis, Tu ra saSualebebi arsebobs misi mdgomareobis gasaadvileblad.

fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba

fizikuri SezRudulobis mqone qalTa didi nawili mZafrad ganicdis sazogadoebisgan gamijvnas, romelsac isini, arausafuZvlod, diskriminaciad aRiqvamen. sazogadoebis mxridan ki maT gariyvas, aseve uaryofiTi damokidebuleba axasiaTebs.

saerTo daskvnebi

invalid qalTa mdgomareoba dRevandelobis pirobebSi uaRresad mZimea. isini sazogadoebrivad pasiurebi arian, monawileobas ar iReben politikur Tu kulturul cxovrebaSi. amisi erT-erTi mizezia, ekonomikuri umweobis garda, sazogadoebis mxridan arahumanuri damokidebuleba, ganaTlebis da janmrTelobis xelmiuwvdomoba, fizikurad SeuRwevadi garemo, maTi dausaqmebloba, CaurTveloba ufro farTe socialur sivrceSi, vidre ojaxisa da axloblebis uSualo wrea. aranakleb xelSemSleli faqtoria invalidebisTvis saWiro inventaris uqonloba, gadaadgilebis sirTule, transportisa da satransporto xarjebis uqonloba.

ekonomikuri siduxWiris, mZime sayofacxovrebo pirobebis, sazogadoebisgan gaucxoebisa da mTlianad sxvaze damokidebulobis fonze Zalze xSiria depresia, nevrotuli simptomebi, martoobis mZafri gancda, sakuTar TavSi Caketva. Zalze Seviwroebulia invalidebis interesTa sfero, isini Semoifargleba iseTi areebiT, rac ar moiTxovs xarjsa da gadaadgilebas – xelsaqme, televizia, kiTxva, da a.S.

invalidi qalis da sazogadoebis urTierT damokidebulebas ramodenime ZiriTadi faqtori ganapirobebs – esaa ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, invalidobis forma daavadebis SezRudva, Senobebis SeuRwevadoba, sazogadoebis mxridan arahumanuri damokidebuleba, tradiciuli stereotipebis arseboba da sxva.

fizikuri SezRudulobis mqone qalTa CarTuloba sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, TviT sazogadoebis mxridan mimReblobisa sruluflebian wevrad da mzrunvelobis gamovlena, ai is aucilebeli, rac Cvens sazogadoebas maRali kulturis sazogadoebaT aqcevs.

Cvens ar SevxebivarT invalidTa emociur Tvidgancdis faqtors.

Cveni gamokvleva cxadyofs, rom invalid qalTa mdgomareobis sakiTxi sazogadoebis yuradRebas da ufro siRrmiseul Seswavlas moiTxovs, raTa sazogadoebamac, mTavrobamac da Sesabamisma saqvelmoqmedo organizaciebmac miiRon sando da srulyofili informaci invalid qalTa mdgomareobasa da problemebis Sesaxeb.

manana galuaSvili

saqarTvelos invalid qalTa saerTaSoriso asociacia

11.05.1999